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GABII

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 380 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GABII , an See also:

ancient See also:city of See also:Latium, between 12 and 13 M. E. of See also:Rome, on the Via See also:Praenestina, which was in See also:early times known as the Via Gabina. The See also:part played by it in the See also:story of the See also:expulsion of the Tarquins is well known; but its importance in the earliest See also:history of Rome rests upon other evidence—the continuance of certain ancient usages which imply a See also:period of hostility between the two cities, such as the See also:adoption of the cinctus Gabinus by the See also:consul when See also:war was to be declared. We hear of a treaty of See also:alliance with Rome in the See also:time of Tarquinius Superbus, the See also:original See also:text of which,written on a See also:bullock's skin, was said by See also:Dionysius of See also:Halicarnassus to be still extant in his See also:day. Its subsequent history is obscure, and we only hear of it again in the 1st See also:century B.C. as a small and insignificant See also:place, though its desolation is no doubt exaggerated by the poets. From See also:inscriptions we learn that from the time of See also:Augustus or Tiberius onwards it enjoyed a municipal organization. Its See also:baths were well known, and See also:Hadrian, who was responsible for much of the renewed prosperity of the small towns of Latium, appears to have been a very liberal See also:patron, See also:building a See also:senate-See also:house (See also:Curia Aelia See also:Augusta) and an See also:aqueduct. After the 3rd century Gabii practically disappears from history, though its bishops continue to be mentioned in ecclesiastical documents till the See also:close of the 9th. The See also:primitive city occupied the eastern See also:bank of the See also:lake, the citadel being now marked by the ruins of the See also:medieval fortress of See also:Castiglione, while the See also:Roman See also:town extended farther to the See also:south. The most conspicuous relic of the latter is a ruined See also:temple, generally attributed to See also:Juno, which had six columns in the front and six on each See also:side. The See also:plan is interesting, but the See also:style of See also:architecture was apparently mixed. To the See also:east of the temple See also:lay the See also:Forum, where excavations were made by Gavin See also:Hamilton in 1792.

All the See also:

objects found were placed in the See also:Villa See also:Borghese, but many of them were carried off to See also:Paris by See also:Napoleon, and still remain in the Louvre. The statues and busts are especially numerous and interesting; besides the deities See also:Venus, See also:Diana, See also:Nemesis, &c., they comprise See also:Agrippa, Tiberius, Germanicus, Caligula, See also:Claudius, See also:Nero, See also:Trajan and Plotina, Hadrian and Sabina, M. Aurelius, Septimius See also:Severus, See also:Geta, Gordianus See also:Pius and others. The inscriptions relate mainly to See also:local and municipal matters. See E. Q. See also:Visconti, Monumenti Gabini della Villa Pinciana (Rome, 1797, and See also:Milan, 1835); T. See also:Ashby in Papers of the ,See also:British School at Rome, i. 18o seq.; G. Pinza in See also:Bull. Com. (1903), 321 seq.

(T.

End of Article: GABII

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