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See also:GILBEY, See also:SIR See also:WALTER, 1ST See also:BART . (1831— ), See also:English See also:wine-See also:merchant, was See also:born at See also:Bishop Stortford, See also:Hertfordshire, in 1831. His See also:father, the owner and frequently the See also:driver of the daily See also:coach between Bishop Stortford and See also:London, died when he was eleven years old, and See also:young Gilbey was shortly afterwards placed in the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of an See also:estate See also:agent at See also:Tring, subsequently obtaining a clerkship in a See also:firm of See also:parliamentary agents in London. On the outbreak of the See also:Crimean See also:War, Walter Gilbey and his younger See also:brother, See also:Alfred, volunteered for civilian service at the front, and were employed at a convalescent See also:hospital on the See also:Dardanelles. Returning to London on the See also:declaration of See also:peace, Walter and Alfred Gilbey, on the See also:advice of their eldest brother, See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry Gilbey, a wholesale wine-merchant, started in the See also:retail -'wine and spirit See also:trade. The heavy See also:duty then levied by the See also:British See also:government on See also:French, Portuguese and See also:Spanish wines was prohibitive of a See also:sale among the English See also:middle classes, and especially See also:lower middle classes, whose usual alcoholic beverage was accordingly See also:beer. Henry Gilbey was of See also:opinion that these classes would gladly drink wine if they could get it at a moderate See also:price, and by his advice Walter and Alfred determined to push the sales of colonial, and particularly of Cape, wines, on which
the duty was comparatively See also:light. Backed by See also:capital obtained through Henry Gilbey, they accordingly opened in 1857 a small retail business in a See also:basement in See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford See also:Street, London. The Cape wines proved popular, and within three years the See also:brothers had 20,000 customers on their books. The creation of the off-See also:licence See also:system by Mr See also:Gladstone, then See also:chancellor of the See also:exchequer, in 186o, followed by the large reduction in the duty on French wines effected by the commercial treaty between See also:England and See also:France in 1861, revolutionized their trade and laid the See also:foundation of their fortunes. Three provincial grocers, who had been granted the new off-licence, applied to be appointed the Gilbeys' agents in their respective districts, and many similar applications followed. These were granted, and before very See also:long a leading See also:local See also:grocer was acting as the firm's agents in every See also:district in England: The grocer who dealt in the Gilbeys' wines and See also:spirits was not allowed to sell those of any other firm, and the Gilbeys in return handed over to him all their existing customers in his district. This arrangement was of mutual See also:advantage, and the Gilbeys' business increased so rapidly that in 1864 Henry Gilbey abandoned his own under-taking to join his brothers. In 1867 the three brothers secured the old See also:Pantheon See also:theatre and See also:concert See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall in Oxford Street for their headquarters. In 1875 the firm See also:purchased a large See also:claret-producing estate in Medec, on the See also:banks of the See also:Gironde, and became also the proprietors of two large See also:whisky-distilleries in See also:Scotland. In 1893 the business was converted, for See also:family reasons, into a private limited liability See also:company, of which Walter Gilbey, who in the same See also:year was created a See also:baronet, was See also:chair-See also:man. Sir Walter Gilbey also became well known as a breeder of See also:shire horses, and he did much to improve the breed of English horses (other than See also:race-horses) generally, and wrote extensively on the subject. He became See also:president of the Shire See also:Horse Society, of the See also:Hackney Horse Society, and of the Hunters' Improvement Society, and he was the founder and chairman of the London See also:Cart Horse See also:Parade Society. He was also a See also:practical agriculturist, and president of the Royal Agricultural Society.
End of Article: GILBEY, SIR WALTER, 1ST BART
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