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DARDANELLES (Turk. Bahr-Sefed Boghazi)

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 829 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DARDANELLES (Turk. See also:Bahr-Sefed Boghazi) , the strait, in See also:ancient times called the See also:Hellespont (q.v.), uniting the See also:Sea of See also:Marmora with the See also:Aegean, so called from the two castles which protect the narrowest See also:part and preserve the name of the See also:city of See also:Dardanus in the See also:Troad, famous for the treaty between See also:Sulla and See also:Mithradates in 84 B.C. The shores of the strait are formed by the See also:peninsula of See also:Gallipoli on the N.W. and by the mainland of See also:Asia See also:Minor on the S.E.; it extends for a distance of about 47 M. with an See also:average breadth of 3 or 4 M. At the Aegean extremity stand the castles of Sedil Bahr and See also:Kum Kaleh respectively in See also:Europe and Asia; and near the Marmora extremity are situated the important See also:town of Gallipoli (Callipolis) on the See also:northern See also:side, and the less important though equally famous Lamsaki or Lapsaki (See also:Lampsacus) on the See also:southern. The two castles of the Dardanelles See also:par excellence are Chanak-Kalehsi, Sultanieh-Kalehsi, or the Old See also:Castle of See also:Anatolia, and Kilid-Bahr, or the Old Castle of See also:Rumelia, which were See also:long but erroneously identified with Sestos and See also:Abydos now located farther to the See also:north. The strait of the Dardanelles is famous in See also:history for the passage of See also:Xerxes by means of a See also:bridge of boats, and for the similar exploit on the part of See also:Alexander. It is famous also from the See also:story of See also:Hero and Leander, and from See also:Lord See also:Byron's successful See also:attempt (repeated by others) to See also:rival the ancient swimmer. Strategically the Dardanelles is a point of See also:great importance, since it commands the approach to See also:Constantinople from the Mediterranean. The passage of the strait is easily defended, but in 1807 the See also:English See also:admiral (See also:Sir) J. T. See also:Duckworth made his way past all the fortresses into the Sea of Marmora. The treaty of See also:July 1841, confirmed by the See also:Paris See also:peace of 1856, prescribed that no See also:foreign See also:ship of See also:war might enter the strait except by See also:Turkish permission, and even See also:merchant vessels are only allowed to pass the castle of Chanak-Kalehsi during the See also:day.

See See also:

Choiseul-See also:Gouffier, Voyage pittoresque (Paris, 1842); See also:Murray's Handbook for Constantinople (See also:London, 19oo).

End of Article: DARDANELLES (Turk. Bahr-Sefed Boghazi)

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