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HERSCHEL, CAROLINE LUCRETIA (1750-1848)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 391 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HERSCHEL, See also:CAROLINE See also:LUCRETIA (1750-1848) , See also:English astronomer, See also:sister of See also:Sir See also:William Herschel, the eighth See also:child and See also:fourth daughter of her parents, was See also:born at See also:Hanover on the 16th of See also:March 1750. On See also:account of the prejudices of her See also:mother,. who did not See also:desire her to know more than was necessary for being useful in the See also:family, she received in youth only the first elements of See also:education. After the See also:death of her See also:father in 1767 she obtained permission to learn millinery and dressmaking with a view to earning her See also:bread, but continued to assist her mother in the management of the See also:household until the autumn of 1772, when she joined her See also:brother William, who had established himself as a teacher of See also:music at See also:Bath. At once she became a valuable co-operator with him both in his professional duties and in the astronomical researches to which he had already begun to devote all his spare See also:time. She was the See also:principal See also:singer at his See also:oratorio concerts, and acquired such a reputation as a vocalist that she was offered an engagement for the See also:Birmingham festival, which, however, she declined. When her brother accepted the See also:office of astronomer to See also:George III., she became his See also:constant assistant in his observations, and also executed the laborious calculations which were connected with them. For these services she received from the See also:king in 1787 a See also:salary of £56 a See also:year. Her See also:chief amusement during her leisure See also:hours was sweeping the heavens with a small Newtonian See also:telescope. By this means she detected in 1783 three remarkable nebulae, and during the eleven years 1786–1797 eight comets, five of them with unquestioned priority. In 1797 she presented to the Royal Society an See also:Index to See also:Flamsteed's observations, together with a See also:catalogue of 561 stars accidentally omitted from the "See also:British Catalogue," and a See also:list of the errata in that publication. Though she returned to Hanover in 1822 she did not abandon her astronomical studies, and in 1828 she completed the reduction, to See also:January 1800, of 2500 nebulae discovered by her brother. In 1828 the Astronomical Society, tc See also:mark their sense of the benefits conferred on See also:science by such a See also:series of laborious exertions, unanimously resolved to See also:present her with their See also:gold See also:medal, and in 1835 elected her an honorary member of the society.

In 1846 she received a gold medal from the king of See also:

Prussia. She died on the 9th of January 1848. See The Memoir and See also:Correspondence of Caroline Herschel, by Mrs See also:John Herschel (1876).

End of Article: HERSCHEL, CAROLINE LUCRETIA (1750-1848)

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