|
See also:FLAMSTEED, See also:JOHN (1646-1719) , See also:English astronomer, was See also:born at Denby, near See also:Derby, on the 19th of See also:August 1646. The only son of See also:Stephen Flamsteed, a maltster, he was educated at the See also:free school of Derby, but quitted it finally in May 1662, in consequence of a rheumatic See also:affection of the See also:joints, due to a chill caught while bathing. Medical aid having proved of no avail, he went to See also:Ireland in 1665 to be " stroked " by See also:Valentine Greatrakes, but " found not his disease to stir." Meanwhile, he solaced his enforced leisure with astronomical studies. Beginning with J. Sacrobosco's De sphaera, he read all the books on the subject that he could buy or See also:borrow; observed a partial See also:solar See also:eclipse on the 12th of See also:September 1662; and attempted the construction of measuring See also:instruments. A See also:tract on the See also:equation of See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, written by him in 1667, was published by Dr John See also:Wallis with the See also:Posthumous See also:Works of J. See also:Horrocks (1673); and a See also:paper embodying his calculations of appulses to stars by the See also:- MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
- MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)
moon, which appeared in the Philosophical Transactions (iv. 1099), signed In Mathesi a See also:sole fundes, an See also:anagram of " Johannes Flamsteedius," secured for him, from 167o, See also:general scientific recognition.
On his return from a visit to See also:London in 167o he became acquainted with See also:Isaac See also:Newton at See also:Cambridge, entered his name at Jesus See also:college, and took, four years later, a degree of M.A. by letters-patent. An See also:essay composed by him in 1673 on the true and apparent diameters of the See also:planets furnished Newton with data for the third See also:book of the Principia, and he fitted numerical elements to J. Horrocks's theory of the moon. In 1674, and again in 1675, he was invited to London by See also:Sir See also:Jonas See also:Moore, See also:governor of the See also:Tower, who proposed to establish him in a private See also:observatory at See also:Chelsea, but the See also:plan was anticipated by the determination of See also:Charles II. to have the tables of the heavenly bodies corrected, and the places of the fixed stars rectified " for the use of his See also:seamen," and Flamsteed was appointed " astronomical observator " by a royal See also:warrant dated 4th of See also:March 1675. His See also:salary of £loo a See also:year was cut down by See also:taxation to 9o; he had to provide his own instruments, and to instruct, into the bargain, two boys from See also:Christ's See also:hospital. Sheer See also:necessity drove him, in addition, to take many private pupils; but having been ordained in 1675, he was presented by See also:Lord See also:North in 1684 to the living of Burstow in See also:Surrey; and his See also:financial position was further improved by a small See also:inheritance on his See also:father's See also:death in 1688. He now ordered, at an expense of £120, a mural arc from See also:Abraham See also:Sharp, with which he began to observe systematically on the 12th of September 1689 (see See also:ASTRONOMY: See also:History). The latter See also:part of Flamsteed's See also:life passed in a turmoil of controversy regarding the publication of his results. He struggled to withhold them until they could be presented in a See also:complete See also:form; but they were urgently needed for the progress of See also:science, and the astronomer-royal was a public servant. Sir Isaac Newton, who depended for the perfecting of his lunar theory upon " places of the moon " reluctantly doled out from See also:Greenwich, led the See also:movement for immediate communication; whence arose much See also:ill-feeling between him and Flamsteed. At last, in 1704, See also:Prince See also:George of See also:Denmark undertook the cost of See also:printing; a See also:committee of the Royal Society was appointed to arrange preliminaries, and Flamsteed, protesting and exasperated, had to submit. The See also:work was only partially through the See also:press when the prince died, on the 28th of See also:October 1708, and its completion devolved upon a See also:board of visitors to the observatory endowed with ample See also:powers by a royal See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the 12th of See also:December 1712. As the upshot, the Historia coelestis, embodying the first Greenwich See also:star-See also:catalogue, together with the mural arc observations made 1689-17o5, was issued under See also:Edmund See also:Halley's editorship in 1712. Flamsteed denounced the See also:production as surreptitious; he committed to
the flames three See also:hundred copies, of which he obtained See also:possession through the favour of Sir See also:Robert See also:Walpole; and, in See also:defiance of bodily infirmities, vigorously prosecuted his designs for the entire and adequate publication of the materials he continued to accumulate. They were but partially executed when he died on the 31st of December 1719. The preparation of his monumental work, Historia coelestis Britannica (3 vols. See also:folio, 1725), was finished by his assistant, See also:Joseph Crosthwait, aided by Abraham Sharp. The first two volumes included the whole of Flamsteed's observations at Derby and Greenwich; the third contained the See also:British Catalogue of nearly 3000 stars. Numerous errors in this valuable See also:record having been detected by Sir See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Herschel, See also:Caroline Herschel See also:drew up a See also:list of 56o stars observed, but not catalogued, while 111 of those catalogued proved to have never been observed (Phil. Trans. lxxxvii. 293; see also F. See also:Baily, See also:Memoirs See also:Roy. See also:Asir. Society, iv. 129). The See also:appearance of the See also:Atlas coelestis, corresponding to the British Catalogue, was delayed until 1729. A portrait of Flamsteed, painted by See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Gibson in 1712, hangs in the rooms of the Royal Society. The extent and quality of his performance were the more remark-able considering his severe See also:physical sufferings, his straitened means, and the antagonism to which he was exposed. Estimable in private life, he was highly susceptible in professional matters, and hence failed to keep on terms with his contemporaries.
See also:Francis Baily's See also:Account of the Rev. John Flamsteed (1835) is the leading authority for his life. It comprises an autobiographical narrative pieced together from various See also:sources, a large collection of Flamsteed's letters, a revised and enlarged edition of the British Catalogue, besides authoritative and detailed See also:introductory discussions. Some clamour was raised by a publication in which blame for harsh dealings was freely imputed to Newton, but W. See also:Whewell vindicated his See also:character in Flamsteed and Newton (1836).
See also General See also:Dictionary, vol. v. (1737), from materials supplied by See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Hodgson, Flamsteed's See also:nephew-in-See also:law; Biographia Britannica, iii. 1943 (1750) ; S. See also:Rigaud's See also:Correspondence of Scientific Men; See also:Cunningham's Lives of Eminent Englishmen, iv. 366 (1835); See also:Mark See also:Noble's Continuation of James See also:Granger's Biog. Hist. of See also:England, ii. 132; R. See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
Grant's Hist. of Phys. Astronomy, p. 467; W. Whewell's Hist. of the Inductive Sciences, ii. 162; J. S. See also:Bailly's Hist. de l'astronomie moderne, ii. 423, 589, 650; J. See also:Delambre's Hist. de l'astronomie au XVIIIe siecle, p. 93; Observatory, xv. 355, 379, 382. (A. M.
End of Article: FLAMSTEED, JOHN (1646-1719)
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!