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See also:WALLIS, See also:JOHN (1616-1703) , See also:English mathematician, logician and grammarian, was See also:born on the 23rd of See also:November 1616 at See also:Ashford, in See also:Kent, of which See also:parish his See also:father, Rev. John Wallis (1567-1622), was See also:incumbent. After being at school at Ashford, See also:Tenterden and See also:Felsted, and being instructed in Latin, See also:Greek and See also:Hebrew, he was in 1632 sent to See also:Emmanuel See also:College, See also:Cambridge, and afterwards was chosen See also:fellow of Queens' College. Having been admitted to See also:holy orders, he See also:left the university in 1641 to See also:act as See also:chaplain to See also:Sir See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Darley, and in the following See also:year accepted a similar See also:appointment from the widow of Sir Horatio See also:Vere. It was about this See also:period that he displayed surprising talents in deciphering the intercepted letters and papers of the Royalists. His adherence to the See also:parliamentary party was in 1643 rewarded by the living of St See also:Gabriel, Fen-See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church See also:Street, See also:London. In 1644 he was appointed one of the See also:scribes or secretaries of the See also:Assembly of Divines at See also:Westminster. During the same year he married Susanna Glyde, and thus
vacated his fellowship; but the See also:death of his See also:mother had left him in See also:possession of a handsome See also:fortune. In 1645 he attended those scientific meetings which led to the See also:establishment of the Royal Society. When the See also:Independents obtained the superiority Wallis adhered to the See also:Solemn See also:League and See also:Covenant. The living of St. Gabriel he exchanged for that of St See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin, See also:Iron-monger See also:Lane; and, as See also:rector of that parish, he in 1648 sub-scribed the Remonstrance against putting See also:Charles I. to death. Notwithstanding this act of opposition, he was in See also:June 1649 appointed Savilian See also:professor of See also:geometry at See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford. In 1654 he there took the degree of D.D., and four years later succeeded See also:Gerard Langbaine (1609-1658) as keeper of the archives. After the restoration he was named one of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king's chaplains in See also:ordinary. While complying with the terms of the Act of Uniformity, Wallis seems always to have retained moderate and rational notions of ecclesiastical polity. He died at Oxford on the 28th of See also:October 1703.
The See also:works of Wallis are numerous, and relate to a multiplicity of subjects. His Institutio logicae, published in 1687, was very popular, and in his Grammatica linguae Anglicanae we find indications of an acute and philosophic See also:intellect. The mathematical works are published, some of them in a small 4to See also:volume (Oxford, 1657) and a See also:complete collection in three thick See also:folio volumes (Oxford, 1693-1699). The third volume includes, however, some theological See also:treatises, and the first See also:part of it is occupied with See also:editions of treatises on harmonics and other works of Greek geometers, some of them first editions from the See also:MSS., and in See also:general with Latin versions and notes (See also:Ptolemy, Porphyrius, Briennius, See also:Archimedes, Eutocius, See also:Aristarchus and Pappas). The second and third volumes include also his See also:correspondence with his contemporaries; and there is a See also:tract on See also:trigonometry by Caswell. Excluding all these, the mathematical works contained in the first and second volumes occupy about 1800 pages. The titles in the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order adopted, but with date of publication, are as follows: " Oratio inauguralis," on his appointment (1649) as Savilian professor (1657) ; " Mathesis universalis, seu See also:opus arithmeticum philologice et mathematice traditurn, arithmeticum numerosam et speciosam aliaque continens " (1657) ; " Adversus Meibomium, de proportionibus dialogus " (1657) ; " De sectionibus conicis nova methodo expositis " (1655) ;
Arithmetica infinitorum, sive nova methodus inquirendi in curvilineoruin quadraturam aliaque difficiliora matheseos problemata " (1655); " Eclipsis solaris observatio Oxonii habita 2° Aug. 16544 ' (1655); " Tractatus duo, See also:prior de cycloide, posterior de cissoide et de curvarum turn linearum € lmost turn superficierum nXaruaµca" (1659); " Mechanica, sive de motu tractatus geometricus " (three parts, 1669–1670—1671); " De See also:algebra tractatus historicus et practicus, ejusdem originem et progressus varios ostendens " (English, 1685) ; " De combinationibus alternationibus et partibus aliquotis tractatus " (English, 1685) " De sectionibus angularibus tractatus " (English, 1685); " De angulo contactus et semicirculi tractatus " (1656) ; " Ejusdem tractatus defensio " (1685); " De postulato quinto. et quinta definitione, See also:lib. VI. Euclidis, disceptatio geometra " (? 1663); "cunocuneus, seu corpus partim conum partim cuneum repres('ntans geometrice consideratum " (English, 1685) ; " De gravitate et gravitatione disquisitio geometrica " (1662; English, 1674); " De aestu marls See also:hypothesis nova " (1666–1669).
The Arithmetica infinitorum relates chiefly to the See also:quadrature of curves by the so-called method of indivisibles established by See also:Bonaventura Cavalieri in 1629 (see INFINITESIMAL CALCULUS). He extended the " See also:law of continuity " as stated by Johannes See also:Kepler; regarded the denominators of fractions as See also:powers with negative exponents; and deduced from the quadrature of the See also:parabola y
where m is a See also:positive integer, the See also:area of the curves when m is negative or fractional. He attempted the quadrature of the circle by See also:interpolation, and arrived at the remarkable expression known as Wallis's Theorem (see CIRCLE, SQUARING OF). In the same See also:work Wallis obtained an expression for the length of the See also:element of a See also:curve, which reduced the problem of rectification to that of quadrature.
The Mathesis universalis, a more elementary work, contains copious See also:dissertations on fundamental points of algebra, See also:arithmetic and geometry, and See also:critical remarks.
The De algebra tractatus contains (chapters Ixvi.-lxix.) the See also:idea of the See also:- INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)
interpretation of imaginary quantities in geometry. This is given somewhat -as follows: the distance represented by the square See also:root of a negative quantity cannot be measured in the See also:line backwards or forwards, but can be measured in the same See also:plane above the line, or (as appears elsewhere) at right angles to the line either in the plane, or in the plane at right angles thereto. Considered as a See also:history of algebra, this work is strongly objected to by See also:Jean See also:Etienne l'vlontucla on the ground of its unfairness as against the See also:early See also:Italian algebraists and also Franciscus See also:Vieta and Rene See also:Descartes and in favour of See also:Harriot; but See also:Augustus De See also:Morgan, while admitting this, attributes to it considerable merit. The See also:symbol for infinity, co, was invented by him.
The two treatises on the See also:cycloid and on the See also:cissoid, &c., and the Mechanica contain many results which were then new and valuable. The latter work contains elaborate investigations in regard to the centre of gravity, and it is remarkable also for the employment of the principle of virtual velocities.
Among the letters in volume iii., we have one to the editor of the Acta Leipsica, giving the decipherment of two letters in See also:secret characters. The ciphers are different, but on the same principle: the characters in each are either single digits or combinations of two or three digits, See also:standing some of them for letters, others for syllables or words,—the number of distinct characters which had to be deciphered being thus very considerable.
For the prolonged conflict between See also:Hobbes and Wallis, see HOBBES, See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
THOMAS.
End of Article: WALLIS, JOHN (1616-1703)
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