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See also:LONGOMONTANUS (or LONGBERG), See also:CHRISTIAN SEVERIN
(1562-1647), Danish astronomer, was See also:born at 'the See also:village of Longberg in See also:Jutland, See also:Denmark, on the 4th of See also:October 1562. The appellation Longomontanus was a Latinized See also:form of the name of his birthplace. His See also:father, a poor labourer called Soren, or Severin, died when he was eight years old. An See also:uncle thereupon took See also:charge of him, and procured him instruction at Lemvig; but after three years sent him back to his See also:mother, who needed his help in See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field-See also:work. She agreed, however, to permit him to study during the See also:winter months with the See also:clergy-See also:man of the See also:parish; and this arrangement subsisted until 1577, when the illwill of some of his relatives and his own See also:desire for knowledge impelled him to run away to See also:Viborg. There he attended the See also:grammar-school, defraying his expenses by See also:manual labour, and carried with him to See also:Copenhagen in 1588 a high reputation for learning and ability. Engaged by Tycho See also:Brahe in 1589 as his assistant in his See also:great astronomical See also:observatory of Uraniborg, he rendered him invaluable services there during eight years. He quitted the See also:island of Hveen with his See also:master, but obtained his See also:discharge at Copenhagen on the 1st of See also:June 1597, for the purpose of studying at some See also:German See also:universities. He rejoined Tycho at See also:Prague in See also:January 1600, and having completed the Tychonic lunar theory, turned homeward again in See also:August. He visited See also:Frauenburg, where See also:Copernicus had made his observations, took a master's degree at See also:Rostock, and at Copenhagen found a See also:patron in Christian See also:Friis, See also:chancellor of Denmark, who gave him employment in his See also:household. Appointed in 1603 See also:rector of the school of Viborg, he was elected two years later to a professorship in the university of Copenhagen, and his
promotion to the See also:chair of See also:mathematics ensued in 1607. This See also:post he held till his See also:death, on the 8th of October 1647.
Longomontanus, although an excellent astronomer, was not an advanced thinker. He adhered to Tycho's erroneous views about See also:refraction, held comets to be messengers of evil and imagined that he had squared the circle. He found that the circle whose See also:diameter is 43 has for its circumference the square See also:root of 18252—which gives 3.14185 . . . for the value of r. See also:John See also:Pell and others vainly endeavoured to convince him of his See also:error. He inaugurated, at Copenhagen in 1632, the erection of a stately astronomical See also:tower, but did not live to See also:witness its completion. Christian IV. of Denmark, to whom he dedicated his Astronomia Danko, an exposition of the Tychonic See also:system of the See also:world, conferred upon him the canonry of Lunden in See also:Schleswig.
The following is a See also:list of his more important See also:works in mathematics and See also:astronomy: Systematis Mathematici, &c. (1611) ; Cyclometria e Lunulis reciproce demonstrata, &c. (1612) ; Disputatio de Eclipsibus (1616) ; Astronomia Danica, &c. (1622) ; Disputationes quatuor Astrologicae (1622); Pentas Problematum Philosophiae (1623); De Chronolabio Historico, seu de Tempore Disputationes tres (1627); Geometriae quaesita XIII. de Cyclometria rationali et See also:vera (1631); Inventio Quadraturae Circuli (1634); Disputatio de Matheseos See also:Indole (1636); Coronis Problematica ex Mysteriis trium Numerorum (1637); Problemata duo Goemetriaa (1638); Problema contra Paulum Guldinum de Circuli Mensura (1638) ; Introductio in Theatrum Astronomicum (1639) ; Rotundi in Plano, &c. (1644) ; Admiranda Operatio trium Numerorum 6, 7, 8, &c. (1645) ; Caput tertium Libri primi de absoluta Mensura Rotundi plani, &c. (1646).
See E. P. F. Vindingius, Regia Academia Havinensis, p. 212 (1665) ; R. Nyerup and Kraft, Almindeligt Litteraturlexikon, p. 350 (1820); Ch. G. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-lexikon, ii. 2518, iii.
2111; Jens See also:Worm, ForsOg til et Lexikon over danske, norske og islandske laerde Maend, p. 617, 1771, &c.; P. See also:Bayle, Hist. and Grit. See also:Dictionary, iii. 861 (2nd ed. 1736); J. B. J. See also:Delambre, Hist. de l'astr. moderne,
i.
262; J. S. See also:Bailly, Hist. de l'astr. moderne, ii. 141; J. L. E. Dreyer, Tycho Brahe, pp. 126, 259, 288, 299; F. Hoeffer, Hist. de l'astronomie, p. 391; J. Madler, Geschichte der Himmelskunde, i. 195; J. F. Weidler, Hist. Astronomiae, p. 451.
End of Article: LONGOMONTANUS (or LONGBERG), CHRISTIAN
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