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LONGMANS

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 985 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LONGMANS , a See also:

firm of See also:English publishers. The founder of the firm, See also:Thomas Longman (1) (1699–1755), See also:born in 1699, was the son of See also:Ezekiel Longman (d. 1708), a See also:gentleman of See also:Bristol. Thomas was apprenticed in 1716 to See also:John See also:Osborn, a See also:London bookseller. At the expiration of his See also:apprenticeship he married Osborn's daughter, and in See also:August 1724 See also:purchased the stock and See also:household goods of See also:William See also:Taylor, the first publisher of See also:Robinson Crusoe, for £2282 9S. 6d. Taylor's two shops were known respectively as the See also:Black See also:Swan and the See also:Ship, and occupied the ground in Paternoster See also:Row upon which the See also:present See also:publishing See also:house stands. Osborn, who afterwards entered into See also:partnership with his son-in-See also:law, held one-See also:sixth of the shares in See also:Ephraim See also:Chambers's Cyclopaedia of the Arts and Sciences, and Thomas Longman was one of the six booksellers who undertook the responsibility of See also:Samuel See also:Johnson's See also:Dictionary. _ In 1754 Thomas Longman took his See also:nephew into partnership, the See also:title of the firm becoming T. and T. Longman. Upon the See also:death of his See also:uncle in 1755, Thomas Longman (2) (1730-1797) became See also:sole proprietor. He greatly extended the colonial See also:trade of the firm.

He had three sons. Of these, Thomas See also:

Norton Longman (3) (1771–1842) succeeded to the business. In 1794 See also:Owen See also:Rees became a partner, and Thomas See also:Brown, who was for many years after 1811 a partner, entered the house as an apprentice. Brown died in 1869 at the See also:age of 92. In 1799 Longman purchased the See also:copyright of See also:Lindley See also:Murray's English See also:Grammar, which had an See also:annual See also:sale of about 50,000 copies; he also purchased, about 1800, the copyright, from See also:Joseph Cottle, of Bristol, of See also:Southey's See also:Joan of Arc and See also:Wordsworth's Lyrical See also:Ballads. He published the See also:works of Wordsworth, See also:Coleridge, Southey and See also:Scott, and acted as London See also:agent for the See also:Edinburgh See also:Review, which was started in 1802. In 1804 two more partners were admitted; and in 1824 the title of the firm was changed to Longman, See also:Hurst, Rees, See also:Orme, Brown & See also:Green. In 1814 arrangements were made with Thomas See also:Moore for the publication of Lalla Rookh, for which he received 3000; and when See also:Archibald See also:Constable failed in 1826, Longmans became the proprietors of the Edinburgh Review. They issued in 1829 See also:Lardner's See also:Cabinet See also:Encyclopaedia, and in 1832 M`Culloch's Commercial Dictionary. Thomas Norton Longman (3) died on the 29th of August 1842, leaving his two sons, Thomas (4) (1804–1879) and William Longman (1813–1877), in See also:control of the business in Paternoster Row. Their first success was the publication of See also:Macaulay's See also:Lays of See also:Ancient See also:Rome, which was followed in 1849 by the issue of the first two volumes of his See also:History of See also:England, which in a few years had a sale of 40,000 copies. The two See also:brothers were well known for their See also:literary See also:talent; Thomas Longman edited a beautifully illustrated edition of the New Testament, and William Longman was the author of several important books, among them a History of the Three Cathedrals dedicated to St See also:Paul (1869) and a See also:work on theHistory of the See also:Life and Times of See also:Edward III.

(1873). In 1863 the firm took over the business of Mr J. W. See also:

Parker, and with it See also:Fraser's See also:Magazine, and the publication of the works of John See also:Stuart See also:Mill and J. A. See also:Fronde; while in 1890 they incorporated with their own all the publications of the old firm of See also:Rivington, established in 1711. The See also:family control of the firm (now Longmans, Green & Co.) was continued by Thomas Norton Longman(5), son of Thomas Longman (4).

End of Article: LONGMANS

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