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LONGSTREET, JAMES (1821-1904)

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 986 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LONGSTREET, See also:JAMES (1821-1904) , See also:American soldier, See also:lieutenant-See also:general in the Confederate See also:army, was See also:born on the 8th of See also:February 1821 in Edgefield See also:district, See also:South Carolina, and graduated at See also:West Point in 1842. He served in the Mexican See also:War, was severely wounded, and received two brevets for gallantry. In 1861, having attained the See also:rank of See also:major, he re-signed when his See also:state seceded, and became a brigadier-general in the Confederate army. In this rank he fought at the first See also:battle of See also:Bull Run, and subsequently at the See also:head of a See also:division in the See also:Peninsular See also:campaign and the Seven Days. This division subsequently became the See also:nucleus of the I. See also:corps, Army of See also:Northern See also:Virginia, which was commanded throughout the war by Longstreet. This corps took See also:part in the battles of second Bull Run and See also:Antietam, and held the See also:left of See also:Lee's front at Fredericksburg. Most of the corps was absent in See also:North Carolina when the battle of See also:Chancellorsville took See also:place, but Longstreet, now a lieutenant-general, returned to Lee in See also:time to take part in the campaign of See also:Gettysburg. At that battle he disapproved of the attack because of the exceptionally strong position of the Federals. He has been charged with tardiness in getting into the See also:action, but his delay was in part authorized by Lee to await an absent See also:brigade, and in part was the result of instructions to conceal his movements, which caused circuitous marching. The most conspicuous fighting in the battle was conducted by Longstreet. In See also:September 1863 he took his corps to the west and See also:bore a conspicuous part in the See also:great battle of Chickamauga. In See also:November he commanded the unsuccessful expedition against See also:Knoxville.

In 1864 he rejoined Lee's army in Virginia, and on the 6th of May arrived upon the See also:

field of the See also:Wilderness as the Confederate right had been turned and routed. His attack was a See also:model of impetuosity and skill, and drove the enemy back until their entire force upon that flank was in confusion. At this See also:critical moment, as Longstreet in See also:person, at the head of fresh troops, was pushing the attack in the See also:forest, he was fired upon by See also:mistake by his own men and desperately wounded. This mischance stayed the Confederate See also:assault for two See also:hours, and enabled the enemy to provide effective means to meet it. In See also:October 1864 he resumed command of his corps, which he retained until the surrender, although paralysed in his right See also:arm. During the See also:period of Reconstruction Longstreet's attitude towards the See also:political problem, and the discussion of certain military incidents, notably the responsibility for the Gettysburg failure, brought the general into extreme unpopularity, and in the course of a controversy, which lasted for many years, much was said and written by both sides which could be condoned only by irritation. His See also:acceptance of a Federal See also:office at New See also:Orleans brought him, in a See also:riot, into armed conflict with his old Confederate soldiers. His admiration for General See also:Grant and his See also:loyalty to the Republican party accentuated the See also:ill-feeling of the See also:Southern See also:people. But in time his services in former days were recalled, and he became once more " General Lee's war-See also:horse " to his old soldiers and the people of the South. He held several See also:civil offices, among them being that of See also:minister to See also:Turkey under Grant and that of See also:commissioner of Pacific See also:railways under Presidents See also:McKinley and See also:Roosevelt. In 1896 he published From See also:Manassas to Appomattox, and in his later years he prepared an See also:account of Gettysburg, which was published soon after his See also:death, with notes and reminiscences of his whole military career. General Longstreet died at See also:Gainesville, See also:Georgia, on the 2nd of See also:January 1904.

See Lee and Longstreet at High See also:

Tide, by See also:Helen D. Longstreet (Gainesville, Ga., 1904).

End of Article: LONGSTREET, JAMES (1821-1904)

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