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See also:MOSQUITO See also:COAST AND RESERVE (MOSQUITIA or RESERVA MOSQUITA) , a See also:division of the See also:republic of See also:Nicaragua, officially styled the See also:department of Zelaya. Pop. (1905), about 15,000. Although its name is sometimes applied to the whole eastern seaboard of Nicaragua—and even to Mosquitia in See also:Honduras, i.e. the coast region as far See also:west as the Rio See also:Negro or Tinto—the Mosquito Coast is more accurately defined as a narrow See also:strip of territory, fronting the Caribbean See also:Sea, and extending from about 11° 45' to 14° 10' N. It stretches inland for an See also:average distance of 40 m., and See also:measures about 225 M. from See also:north to See also:south. In the north, its boundary skirts the See also:river Wawa; in the west, it corresponds with the eastern limit of the Nicaraguan See also:highlands; in the south, it is See also:drawn along the river Rama. The See also:chief towns are Bluefields or Blewfields, See also:Magdala on See also:Pearl Cay, Prinzapolca on the river of that name, Vounta near the mouth of the Cuculaia, and Carata near the mouth of the Wawa. Bluefields (pop. about 2000) is the See also:capital and the largest See also:town. It is the seat of a Moravian See also:mission) and has a See also:good See also:harbour, with See also:regular steamship services to See also:Greytown in Nicaragua, and to New See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans. It exports bananas and other See also:fruit.
The Mosquito Coast is so called from its See also:principal inhabitants, the Misskito See also:Indians, whose name was corrupted into Mosquito by See also:European settlers and has been entirely superseded by that See also:form except in the native dialects. The Mosquito Indians, of whom there are several tribes, are an unusually intelligent See also:people, See also:short of stature and very , dark-skinned. Their See also:colour is said to be due to intermarriage with shipwrecked slaves.
The first See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white See also:settlement in the Mosquito See also:country was made in 1630, when the agents of an See also:English chartered See also:company—of which the See also:earl of See also:Warwick was chairman and See also:John See also:Pym treasurer —occupied two small cays, and established friendly relations with the Indians. From 1655 to 1850 See also:Great See also:Britain claimed a See also:protectorate over the Mosquito Indians; but little success attended the various endeavours to plant colonies, and the protectorate was disputed by See also:Spain, the Central See also:American republics, and the See also:United States. The opposition of the United States was due very largely to the fear that Great Britain would acquire a privileged position in regard to the proposed interoceanic See also:canal. In 1848, the seizure of Greytown (See also:San Juan del Norte)..
by the Mosquito Indians, with See also:British support, aroused great excitement in the United States, and even involved the See also:risk of See also:war. But by the See also:Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 185o both See also:powers pledged themselves not to fortify, colonize or exercise dominion over any See also:part of Central See also:America; and in See also:November 1859 Great Britain delegated its protectorate to Honduras. This caused great dissatisfaction among the Indians, who shortly afterwards revolted; and on the 28th of See also:January r86o Great Britain and Nicaragua concluded the treaty of See also:Managua, which transferred to Nicaragua the See also:suzerainty over the entire Caribbean coast from Cape Gracias a Dios to Greytown, but granted See also:autonomy to the Indians in the more limited Mosquito Reserve (the See also:area described above). The See also:local chief accepted this See also:change on See also:condition that he should retain his local authority, and receive a yearly subvention of £r000 until 1870. But on his See also:death in 1864 Nicaragua refused to recognize his successor. The reserve nevertheless continued to be governed by an elected chief, aided by an administrative See also:council, which met in Bluefields; and the Indians denied that the suzerainty of Nicaragua connoted any right of interference with their See also:internal affairs. The question was referred for See also:arbitration to the See also:emperor of See also:Austria, whose See also:award published in 188o, upheld the contention of the Indians, and affirmed that the suzerainty of Nicaragua was limited by their right of self-See also:government. After enjoying almost See also:complete autonomy for fourteen years, the Indians voluntarily surrendered their privileged position, and on the loth of November 1894 their territory was formally incorporated in that of the republic of Nicaragua, as the department of Zelaya.
End of Article: MOSQUITO COAST AND RESERVE (MOSQUITIA or RESERVA MOSQUITA)
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