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ROXBURGHSHIRE

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 789 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ROXBURGHSHIRE , a Border See also:

county of See also:Scotland, bounded W. by See also:Berwickshire, E. and S.E. by See also:Northumberland, S. by See also:Cumberland, S.W. by See also:Dumfriesshire and N.W. by the shires of See also:Selkirk and See also:Mid See also:Lothian. It has an See also:area of 426,060 acres, or 665.7 sq. m. The only See also:low-lying ground in the See also:shire is found in the N. and in the valleys of the larger See also:rivers, and the whole S. is markedly hilly. Though the Cheviots, forming for a considerable distance the natural boundary with See also:England, mostly belong to Northumberland, Catcleuch Shin (1742 ft.) and See also:Peel See also:Fell (1964) are Scottish peaks. The See also:chief heights of the mountainous See also:mass constituting the See also:watershed between Tevietdale and See also:Liddesdale are Cauldcleuch See also:Head (1996), Greatmoor (1964), Pennygant (18o5), Din Fell (1735), Windburgh (1622) and Arnton Fell (1464). In the W. is See also:Crib See also:Law (1369), and in the N., near See also:Melrose, occur the triple Eildons (highest See also:peak, 1385). The county is abundantly watered. The See also:Tweed flows through the N. of the shire for 26 out of its See also:total run of 97 m., though for about 2 M. (near See also:Abbotsford) it is the boundary stream with See also:Selkirkshire, and for 10 m. See also:lower down with Berwickshire (parishes of See also:Earlston and Merton). On the right its affluents are the Bowden and the See also:Teviot, and on the See also:left the See also:Allan and the See also:Eden. The Teviot is the See also:principal See also:river lying entirely in Roxburghshire. From its source near See also:Causeway See also:Grain Head on the Dumfriesshire border, it follows mainly a N.E. direction for 37 M. to its confluence with the Tweed at See also:Kelso.

Its chief tributaries are, on the right, Allan See also:

Water, the Slitrig, See also:Dean See also:Burn, the See also:Rule, the Jed, the Oxnam and the Kale, and, on the left, Borthwick Water and the See also:Ale, both rising in Selkirkshire. The Liddel is the leading stream in the S. Rising near Peel Fell in the Cheviots it flows S.W. to the Esk after a course of 27 m., receiving on the right Hermitage Water, on the left Kershope Bum. The Kershope and Liddel, during See also:part of their run, serve as boundaries with Cumberland. Excepting the Liddel, which drains to the Esk, much the greater portion of the See also:surface is drained, by the Tweed, to the See also:North See also:Sea. The lakes are few the latter's projected See also:gift of £200,000 for endowment of a See also:trust for the improvement of the dwellings of the working classes, See also:Rowton made himself personally See also:familiar with the conditions of the poorest inhabitants of See also:London; and he determined to establish " a poor See also:man's hotel," which should offer better See also:accommodation than the See also:common lodging-houses, at similar prices. In the See also:face of much discouragement and difficulty, the first Rowton See also:House was opened at See also:Vauxhall in See also:December 1892, the cost (£3o,o0o) being defrayed by See also:Lord Rowton, though he was by no means a man of See also:great See also:wealth. In 1894 a See also:company, Rowton Houses (Limited), was incorporated to extend the See also:scheme, a See also:main characteristic of which was that the houses should not be charitable institutions but should be on a paying commercial basis. The scheme proved a gratifying success, and was imitated not only in many of the chief towns of Great See also:Britain, but also in different countries of See also:Europe and in See also:America (see See also:HousING). Lord Rowton also devoted himself to the business of the See also:Guinness Trust, of which he was a trustee, and was interested in many philanthropic schemes. Lord Rowton was unmarried, and the See also:title consequently became See also:extinct at his See also:death, which occurred in London on the 9th of See also:November 1903.

End of Article: ROXBURGHSHIRE

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