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KELSO , a See also:police See also:burgh and See also:market See also:town of See also:Roxburghshire, See also:Scotland, on the See also:left See also:bank of the See also:Tweed, 52 M. (43 M. by road) S.E. of See also:Edinburgh and See also:lot m. N.E. of See also:Jedburgh by the See also:North See also:British railway. Pop. (1901), 4008. The name has been derived from the Old Welsh calch, or Anglo-Saxon cealc, " See also:chalk", and the Scots how, " hollow," a derivation more evident in the earlier forms Calkon and Calchon, and illustrated in Chalkheugh, the name of a locality in the town. The ruined See also:abbey, dedicated to the Virgin and St See also:John the Evangelist, was founded in 1128 by See also:David I. for monks from Tiron in See also:Picardy, whom he transferred hither from See also:Selkirk, where they had been installed fifteen years before. The abbey, the See also:building of which was completed towards the See also:middle of the 13th See also:century, became one of the richest and most powerful establishments in Scotland, claiming See also:precedence over the other monasteries and disputing for a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time the supremacy with St See also:Andrews. It suffered damage in numerous See also:English forays, was pillaged by the 4th See also:earl of See also:Shrewsbury in 1522, and was reduced to ruins in 1545 by the earl of See also:Hertford (afterwards the See also:Protector See also:Somerset). In 1602 the abbey lands passed into the hands of See also:Sir See also:Robert See also:Ker of Cessford, 1st earl of See also:Roxburghe. The ruins were disfigured by an See also:attempt to render See also:part of them available for public See also:worship, and one vault was See also:long utilized as the town See also:gaol. All excrescences, however, were cleared away at the beginning of the 19th century, by the efforts of the See also:Duke of Roxburghe. The See also:late See also:Norman and See also:Early Pointed cruciform See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church has an unusual ground-See also:plan, the See also:west end of the See also:cross forming the See also:nave and being shorter than the See also:chancel. The nave and transepts extend only 23 ft. from the central See also:tower. The remains include most of the tower, nearly the whole of the walls of the See also:south See also:transept, less than See also:half of the west front with a fragment of the richly moulded and deeply-set See also:doorway, the north and west sides of the north transept, and a remnant of the chancel. The chancel alone had aisles, while its See also:main circular See also:arches were surmounted by two tiers of See also:triforium galleries. The predominant feature is the See also:great central tower, which, as seen from a distance, suggests the keep of a Norman See also:castle. It rested on four Early Pointed arches, each 45 ft. high (of which the south and west yet exist) supported by piers of clustered columns. Over the Norman See also:porch in the north transept is a small chamber with an interlaced See also:arcade surmounted by a network gable.
The Tweed is crossed at Kelso by a See also:bridge of five arches constructed in 1803 by John See also:Rennie. The public buildings include a See also:court See also:house, the town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, See also:corn See also:exchange, high school and See also:grammar school (occupying the site of the school which Sir See also:Walter See also:Scott attended in 1783). The public See also:park lies in the See also:east of the town, and the See also:race-course to the north of it. The leading See also:industries are the making of fishing tackle, agricultural machinery and implements, and chemical See also:manures, besides See also:coach-building, See also:cabinet-making and upholstery, corn and saw See also:mills, See also:iron See also:founding, &c. See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James and John Ballantyne, See also:friends of Scott, set up a See also:press about the end of the 18th century, from which there issued, in 1802, the first two volumes of the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border; but when the See also:brothers transferred their business to Edinburgh See also:printing languished. The Kelso See also:Mail, founded by James Ballantyne in 1797, is now the See also:oldest of the Border See also:news-papers. The town is an important agricultural centre, there being weekly corn and fortnightly See also:cattle markets, and, every See also:September, a great See also:sale of Border rams.
Kelso became a burgh of See also:barony in 1634 and five years later received the See also:Covenanters, under Sir See also:Alexander See also:Leslie, on their way to the encampment on See also:Duns See also:Law. On the 24th of See also:October 1715 the Old Pretender was proclaimed James VIII. in the market square, but in 1745 See also:Prince See also:Charles See also:Edward found no active adherents in the town.
About 1 m. W. of Kelso is Floors or Fleurs Castle, the See also:principal seat of the duke of Roxburghe. The See also:mansion as originally designed by Sir John See also:Vanbrugh in 1718 was severely See also:plain, but in 1849 See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Henri See also:Playfair converted it into a magnificent structure in the Tudor See also:style.
On the See also:peninsula formed by the junction of the See also:Teviot and the Tweed stood the formidable castle and flourishing town of Roxburgh,from which the See also:shire took its name. No trace exists of the town, and of the castle all that is left are a few ruins shaded by See also:ancient ash trees. The castle was built by the Northumbrians, who called it Marchidum, or Marchmound, its See also:present name apparently meaning Rawic's burgh, after some forgotten See also:chief. After the consolidation of the See also:kingdom of Scotland it became a favoured royal See also:residence, and a town gradually sprang up beneath its See also:protection, which reached its palmiest days under David I., and formed a member of the Court of Four Burghs with Edinburgh, See also:Stirling and See also:Berwick. It possessed a church, court of See also:justice, See also:mint, mills, and, what was remarkable for the 12th century, grammar school. Alexander II. was married and Alexander III. was See also:born in the castle. During the long See also:period of Border warfare, the town was repeatedly burned and the castle captured. After the defeat of See also:Wallace at See also:Falkirk the castle See also:fell into the hands of the English, from whom it was delivered in 1314 by Sir James See also:Douglas. Ceded to Edward III. in 1333, it was regained in 1342 by Sir Alexander See also:Ramsay of See also:Dalhousie, only to be lost again four years later. The castle was finally retaken and razed to the ground in 146o. It was at the See also:siege, that the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, James II., was killed by the See also:explosion of a huge See also:gun called " the See also:Lion." On the fall of the castle the town languished and was finally abandoned in favour of the rising burgh of Kelso. The town, whose See also:patron-See also:saint was St James, is still commemorated by St James's See also:Fair, which is held on the 5th of every See also:August on the vacant site, and is the most popular of Border festivals.
Sandyknowe or Smailholm Tower, 6 m. W. of Kelso, dating from the 15th century, is considered the best example of a Border See also:Peel and the most perfect relic of a feudal structure in the South of Scotland. Two m. N. by E. of Kelso is the See also:pretty See also:village of Ednam (Edenham, " The Village on the See also:Eden "), the birthplace of the poet James See also:Thomson, to whose memory an See also:obelisk, 52 ft. high, was erected on Ferney See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill in 182o.
End of Article: KELSO
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