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JEDBURGH , a royal and See also:police See also:burgh and See also:county-See also:town of See also:Roxburghshire, See also:Scotland. Pop. of police burgh (1901), 3136. It is situated on Jed See also:Water, a tributary of the See also:Teviot, 56: m. S.E. of See also:Edinburgh by the See also:North See also:British railway, via Roxburgh and St Boswells (49 M. by road), and ro m. from the border at Catcleuch Shin, a See also:peak of the Cheviots, 1742 ft. high. Of the name Jedburgh there have been many variants, the earliest being Gedwearde (800), Jedwarth (1251), and Geddart (1586), while locally the word is sometimes pronounced Jethart. The town is situated on the See also:left See also:bank of the Jed, the See also:main streets See also:running at right angles from each See also:side of the central See also:market-See also:place. Of the renowned See also:group of Border abbeys—Jedburgh, See also:Melrose, Dryburgh and See also:Kelso—that of Jedburgh is the stateliest. In 1118, according to tradition, but more probably as -See also:late as 1138, See also:David, See also:prince of Cumbria, here founded a priory for Augustinian monks from the See also:abbey of St Quentin at See also:Beauvais in See also:France, and in 1147, after he had become See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, erected it into an abbey dedicated to the Virgin. Repeatedly damaged in Border warfare, it was ruined in 1544–45 during the See also:English invasion led by See also:Sir See also:Ralph Evers (or See also:Eure). The See also:establishment was suppressed in 1559, the revenues being temporarily annexed to the See also:Crown. After changing owners more than once, the lands were See also:purchased in 1637 by the 3rd See also:earl of See also:Lothian. Latterly five of the bays at the See also:west end had been utilized as the See also:parish See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, but in 1873–1875 the 9th See also:marquess of Lothian built a church for the service of the parish, and presented it to the heritors in See also:exchange for the ruined abbey in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to prevent the latter from being injured by See also:modern additions and alterations.
The abbey was built of Old Red See also:sandstone, and belongs mostly to the end of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th centuries. The See also:architecture is mixed, and the abbey is a beautiful example of the See also:Norman and Transition styles. The See also:total length is 235 ft., the See also:nave being 1331 ft. See also:long and 591 ft. wide. The west front contains a See also:great Norman See also:porch and a See also:fine See also:wheel window. The nave, on each side, has nine pointed See also:arches in the See also:basement See also:storey, nine See also:round arches in the See also:triforium, and See also:thirty-six pointed arches in the See also:clerestory, through which an See also:arcade is carried on both sides. The See also:tower, at the intersection of the nave and transepts, is of unusually massive proportions, being 3o ft. square and fully too ft. high; the network See also:baluster round the See also:top is modern. With the exception of the north piers and a small portion of the See also:wall above, which are Norman, the tower See also:dates from the end of the 15th See also:century. The whole of the See also:south See also:transept has perished. The north transept, with See also:early Decorated windows, has been covered in and walled off, and is the See also:burial-ground of the Kerrs of Fernihirst, ancestors of the marquess of Lothian. The earliest tombstone is dated 1524; one of the latest is the recumbent effigy, by G. F. See also:Watts, R.A., of the 8th marquess of Lothian (1832-1870). All that is left of the See also:choir, which contains some very early Norman See also:work, is two bays with three tiers on each side, corresponding to the See also:design of the nave. It is supposed that the See also:aisle, with Decorated window and groined roof, south of the See also:chancel, formed the See also:grammar school (removed from the abbey in 1751) in which See also:Samuel See also:Rutherford (1600-1661), See also:principal of St See also:Mary's See also:College, St See also:Andrews, and See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Thomson, author of The Seasons, were educated. The See also:door leading from the south aisle into a herbaceous See also:garden, formerly the See also:cloister, is an exquisite copy of one which had become greatly decayed. It was designed by'S1r Rowand See also:- ANDERSON
- ANDERSON, ADAM (1692—1765)
- ANDERSON, ALEXANDER (c. 1582-1620?)
- ANDERSON, ELIZABETH GARRETT (1836— )
- ANDERSON, JAMES (1662—1728)
- ANDERSON, JAMES (1739-1808)
- ANDERSON, JOHN (1726-1796)
- ANDERSON, MARY (1859– )
- ANDERSON, RICHARD HENRY (1821–1879)
- ANDERSON, ROBERT (1750–1830)
- ANDERSON, SIR EDMUND (1530-1605)
Anderson, under whose superintendence restoration in the abbey was carried out.
The See also:castle stood on high ground at the south end of the burgh, or " town-See also:head." Erected by David I., it was one of the strong-holds ceded to See also:England in 1174, under the treaty of See also:Falaise, for the See also:ransom of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William the See also:Lion. It was, however, so often captured by the English that it became a menace rather than a See also:protection, and the townsfolk demolished it in 1409. It had
occasionally been used as a royal See also:residence, and was the See also:scene, in See also:November 1285, of the See also:revels held in celebration of the See also:marriage (solemnized in the abbey) of See also:Alexander III. to Joleta, or See also:Yolande, daughter of the See also:count of See also:Dreux. The site was occupied in 1823 by the county See also:prison, now known as the castle, a castellated structure which gradually See also:fell into disuse and was acquired by the See also:corporation in 1890. A See also:house exists in Backgate in which Mary See also:Queen of Scots, resided in 1566, and one in Castlegate which Prince See also:Charles See also:Edward occupied in 1745.
The public buildings include the grammar school (built in 1833 to replace the successor of the school in the abbey), founded by William Turnbull, See also:bishop of See also:Glasgow (d. 1454), the county buildings, the See also:free library and the public See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, which succeeded to the See also:corn exchange destroyed by See also:fire in 1898, a loss that involved the museum and its contents, including the See also:banners captured by the Jethart weavers at See also:Bannockburn and See also:Killiecrankie. The old market See also:cross still exists, and there are two public parks. The See also:chief See also:industry is the manufacture of woollens (blankets, See also:hosiery), but See also:brewing, tanning and See also:iron-See also:founding are carried on, and See also:fruit (especially See also:pears) and garden produce are in repute. Jedburgh was made a royal burgh in the reign of David I., and received a See also:charter from See also:Robert I. and another, in 1566, from Mary Queen of Scots. Sacked and burned See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time after time during the Border strife, it was inevitable that the townsmen should become keen fighters. Their cry of " Jethart's here!" was heard wherever the fray waxed most fiercely, and the Jethart See also:axe of their invention—a See also:steel axe on a 4-ft. See also:pole—wrought havoc in their hands.
" Jethart or Jeddart See also:justice," according to which a See also:man was hanged first and tried afterwards, seems to have been a hasty generalization from a solitary fact—the See also:summary See also:execution in James VI.'s reign of a gang of rogues at the instance of Sir See also:George See also:Home, but has nevertheless passed into a See also:- PROVERB (Lat. proverbium, from pro, forth, publicly, verbum, word; the Greek equivalent is irapolµia, from 7rapa, alongside, and oiµos, way, road, i.e. a wayside saying; Ger. Sprichwort)
proverb.
Old Jeddart, 4 M. S. of the See also:present town, the first site of the burgh, is now marked by a few grassy mounds, and of the great Jedburgh See also:forest, only the See also:- VENERABLE (Lat. venerabilis, worthy of reverence, venerari, to reverence, to worship, allied to Venus, love; the Indo-Germ. root is wen-, to desire, whence Eng. " win, properly to struggle for, hence to gain)
venerable oaks, the "Capon See also:- TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
- TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )
Tree" and the "King of the See also:Woods" remain. Dunion See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill (1095 ft.), about 2 in. south-west of Jedburgh, commands a fine view of the See also:capital of the county.
End of Article: JEDBURGH
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