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ALLAN, SIR WILLIAM (1782–1850)

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 688 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ALLAN, See also:SIR See also:WILLIAM (1782–1850) , Scottish painter, was See also:born at See also:Edinburgh, and at an See also:early See also:age entered as a See also:pupil in the School of See also:Design established in Edinburgh by the See also:Board of Trustees for Arts and Manufactures, where he had as companions, See also:John See also:Wilkie, John See also:Burnet the engraver, and others who afterward distinguished themselves as artists. Here Allan and Wilkie were placed at the same table, studied the same designs, and contracted a lifelong friendship. Allan continued his studies for some See also:time in See also:London; but his See also:attempt to establish himself there was unsuccessful, and after exhibiting at the Royal See also:Academy (1805) his first picture, " A Gipsy Boy and See also:Ass," an See also:imitation in See also:style of See also:Opie, he determined, in spite of his scanty resources, to seek his See also:fortune abroad. He accordingly set out the same See also:year for See also:Russia, but was carried by stress•of See also:weather to See also:Memel, where he remained for some time, supporting himself by his See also:pencil. At last, however, he reached St See also:Petersburg, where the kindness of Sir See also:Alexander See also:Crichton, the See also:court physician, and other See also:friends procured him abundant employment. By excursions into See also:southern Russia, See also:Turkey, the See also:Crimea and See also:Circassia, he filled his See also:portfolio with vivid sketches, of which he made admirable use in his subsequent pictures. In 1814 he returned to Edinburgh, and in the two following years exhibited at the Royal Academy " The Circassian Captives " and " See also:Bashkirs conducting Convicts to See also:Siberia." The former picture remained so See also:long unsold, that, thoroughly disheartened, he threatened to retire to Circassia when, through the kindness of Sir See also:Walter See also:Scott, a subscription of l000 guineas was obtained for the picture, which See also:fell by See also:lot into the See also:possession of the See also:earl of See also:Wemyss. About the same time the See also:Grand See also:Duke See also:Nicholas, afterwards See also:tsar of Russia, visited Edinburgh, and See also:purchased his "Siberian Exiles" and "Haslan Gheray See also:crossing the See also:River See also:Kuban," giving a very favourable turn to the fortunes of the painter, whose pictures were now sought for by collectors. From this time to 1834 he achieved his greatest success and firmly established his fame by the See also:illustration of Scottish See also:history. His most important See also:works of this class were " See also:Archbishop See also:Sharpe on Magus See also:Moor "; " John See also:Knox admonishing See also:Mary See also:Queen of Scots " (1823), engraved by Burnet; " Mary Queen of Scots See also:signing her See also:Abdication " (1824); and " See also:Regent See also:Murray shot by See also:Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh." The last procured his See also:election as an See also:associate of the Royal Academy (1825). Later Scottish subjects were " See also:Lord See also:Byron " (1831), portraits of Scott and " The See also:Orphan " (1834), which represented See also:Anne Scott seated near the See also:chair of her deceased See also:father. In 183o he was compelled, on See also:account of an attack of ophthalmia, to seek a milder See also:climate, and visited See also:Rome, See also:Naples and See also:Constantinople.

He returned with a See also:

rich See also:store of materials, of which he made excellent use in his " Constantinople Slave See also:Market " and other productions. In 1834 he visited See also:Spain and See also:Morocco, and in 1841 went again to St Petersburg, when he undertook, at the See also:request of the tsar, his " See also:Peter the See also:Great teaching his Subjects the See also:Art of See also:Ship-See also:building," exhibited in London in 1845, and now in the See also:Winter See also:Palace of St Petersburg. His " See also:Polish Exiles " and " Moorish Love-See also:letter," &c., had secured his election as a Royal Academician in 1835; he was appointed See also:president of the Royal Scottish Academy (1838), and royal limner for See also:Scotland, after Wilkie's See also:death (1841); and in 1842 received the See also:honour of See also:knighthood. His later years were occupied with See also:battle-pieces, the last he finished being the second of his two See also:companion pictures of the " Battle of See also:Waterloo." He died on the 22nd of See also:February 1850, leaving a large unfinished picture—" See also:Bruce at See also:Bannockburn." ALLAN-DESPREAUX, See also:LOUISE ROSALIE (18ro-1856), See also:French actress, was " discovered " by See also:Talma at See also:Brussels in 1820, when she played Joas with him in Athalie. At his See also:suggestion she changed her surname, See also:Ross, for her See also:mother's See also:maiden name, and, as Mlle. Despreaux, was engaged for See also:children's parts at the Comedie Frangaise. At the same time she studied at the See also:Conservatoire. By 1825 she had taken the second See also:prize for See also:comedy, and was engaged to See also:play ingenue parts at the Comedie Frangaise, where her first See also:appearance in this capacity was as Jenny in L'Argent on the 8th of See also:December 1826. In 1831 the director of the Gymnase succeeded in persuading her to join his See also:company. Her six years at this See also:theatre, during which she married Allan, an actor in the company, were a See also:succession of triumphs. She was then engaged at the French theatre at St Petersburg. Re-turning to See also:Paris, she brought with her, as See also:Legouve says, a thing she had unearthed, through a See also:Russian See also:translation, a little comedy never acted till she took it up, a See also:production See also:half-forgotten, and esteemed by those who knew it as a pleasing piece of See also:work in the See also:Marivaux style—Un Caprice by See also:Alfred de See also:Musset, which she had played with success in St Petersburg.

Her selection of this piece for her reappearance at the Theatre Frangaise (1847) laid the corner-See also:

stone of Musset's lasting fame as a dramatist. In the following year his comedy Il ne fact jurer de rien was acted at the same theatre, and thus led to the production of his finer plays. Among plays by other authors in which Mme. Allan won See also:special laurels at the Theatre Frangaise, were See also:Par See also:droit de conquete, Peril en la demeure, La joie fait peur, and See also:Lady Tartuffe. In the last, with a See also:part of only fifty lines, and playing by the very See also:side of the great See also:Rachel, she yet held her own as an actress of the first See also:rank. Mme. Allan died in Paris, in the height of her popularity, in See also:March 1856.

End of Article: ALLAN, SIR WILLIAM (1782–1850)

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