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TAULER, JOHANN (c. 1300—1361)

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Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 453 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TAULER, JOHANN (c. 1300—1361) , See also:German mystic, was See also:born about the See also:year 1300 in See also:Strassburg, and was educated at the Dominican See also:convent in that See also:city, where Meister See also:Eckhart, who greatly influenced him, was See also:professor of See also:theology (1312—1320) in the monastery school. From Strassburg he went to the Dominican See also:college of See also:Cologne, and perhaps to St See also:James's College, See also:Paris, ultimately returning to Strassburg. In 1324 Strassburg with other cities was placed under a papal See also:interdict. See also:Legend says that Tauler nevertheless continued to perform religious services for the See also:people, but though there may be a germ of See also:historical truth in this See also:story, it is probably due to the See also:desire of the 16th-See also:century Reformers to enroll the famous preachers of the See also:middle ages among their forerunners. In 1338—1339 Tauler was in See also:Basel, then the headquarters of the " See also:Friends of See also:God " (see See also:MYSTICISM), and was brought into intimate relations with the members of that pious mystical fellowship. Strassburg, however, remained his headquarters. The See also:Black See also:Death came to that city in 1348, and it is said that, when the city was deserted by all who could leave it, Tauler remained at his See also:post, encouraging by sermons and See also:personal visitations his terror-stricken See also:fellow-citizens. His See also:correspondence with distinguished members of the Gottesfreunde, especially with Margaretha See also:Ebner, and the fame of his See also:preaching and other See also:work in Strassburg, had made him known throughout a wide circle. He died on the 16th of See also:June 1361. The well-known story of Tauler's See also:conversion and discipline by " the Friend of God from the Oberland " (see See also:NICHOLAS OT BASEL) cannot be regarded as historical. Tauler's sermons are among the noblest in the German See also:language.

They are not so emotional as See also:

Suso's, nor so speculative as Eckhart's, but they are intensely See also:practical, and See also:touch on all sides the deeper problems of the moral and spiritual See also:life. Tauler's sermons were printed first at See also:Leipzig in 1498, and re-printed with additions from Eckhart and others at Basel (1522) and at Cologne (1543). There is a See also:modern edition by See also:Julius Hamberger (See also:Frankfort, 1864), and R. H. See also:Hutton published Tauler's Sermons for Festivals under the See also:title of The Inner Way. See Denifle, Dns See also:Buch von geistlicher Armuth (Strassburg, 1877) ; Carl See also:Schmidt, Johann Tauler von Strassburg (See also:Hamburg, 1841); S. Wink-See also:worth, Tauler's Life and Sermons (See also:London, 1857) ; R. A. See also:Vaughan, See also:Hours with the Mystics, 3rd ed., vol. i. pp. 214–307; Preger's Gesch. der deutschen Mysiik See also:im Mittelalter, vol. iii.; W. R. Inge, See also:Christian Mysticism: R.

M. See also:

Jones, Studies in Mystical See also:Religion (1909). TAUNG—GYI, the headquarters of the See also:superintendent and See also:political officer, See also:southern Shan States, See also:Burma. It is situated in 96° 58' E. and 20° 47' N., at an See also:altitude of about 5000 ft., in a depressed See also:plateau on the See also:crest of the Sintaung hills. It is in the See also:state of Yawnghwe, 105 M. from Thazi railway station on the See also:Rangoon-See also:Mandalay railway, with which it is connected by a See also:cart-road. The See also:civil station See also:dates from,1894, when there were only a few Taungthu huts on the site. There were in 1906 upwards of a thousand houses, many of them substantially built of See also:brick. Since 1906 the southern Shan States have been garrisoned by military See also:police, whose headquarters are in Taunggyi. The station is to a considerable extent a commercial See also:depot for the See also:country behind, and there are many universal See also:supply shops of most nationalities (except See also:British)—See also:Austrian, See also:Chinese and See also:Indian. The five-See also:day See also:bazaar is the trading See also:place of the natives of the country. A See also:special See also:quarter contains the temporary residences of the chiefs when they visit headquarters, and there is a school for their sons. An See also:orchard for experimental cultivation has met with considerable success.

The See also:

average shade maximum temperature is 84° ; the minimum 39°.

End of Article: TAULER, JOHANN (c. 1300—1361)

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