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VORARLBERG

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 211 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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VORARLBERG , the most See also:

westerly See also:province of the See also:Austrian See also:empire, extending S. of the See also:Lake of See also:Constance along the right See also:bank of the See also:Rhine valley. It consists of three districts, See also:Bregenz, Bludenz and See also:Feldkirch, which are under the administrative authority of the Statthalter (or See also:prefect) at See also:Innsbruck, but possess a See also:governor and a See also:diet of their own (twenty-one members), and send four members to the imperial See also:parliament. Vorarlberg is composed of the hilly region of the Bregenzerwald,and, to its See also:south, of the See also:mountain valley of Montafon or of the upper See also:Ill, through which an easy pass, the Zeinisjoch (6076 ft.), leads to the Tirolese valley of Paznaun, and so to See also:Landeck. Near Bludenz the Kloster glen parts from the Ill valley; through the latter runs the Arlberg railway (1884)—beneath the pass of that name (5912 ft.)—to Landeck and Innsbruck.' The Ill valley is bounded south by the snowy See also:chain of the Rhatikon (highest point, the Scesaplana, 9741 ft., a famous view-point), and of the Silvretta (highest point, See also:Gross Piz Buin, io,88o ft.), both dividing Vorarlberg from See also:Switzerland; slightly to the See also:north-See also:east of Piz Buin is the Dreilanderspitze (10,539 ft.), where the Vorarlberg, Tirolese and Swiss frontiers unite. The See also:total See also:area of Vorarlberg is 1004.3 sq. m. Of this 881%, or about 886 sq. m., is reckoned " productive," 30% of this limited area being occupied by forests, while 118 sq. in. See also:rank as " unproductive." In 1900 the total See also:population was 129,237, all but wholly See also:German-speaking and Romanist. The largest See also:town is See also:Dornbirn (pop. 13,052), but Bregenz (pop. 7595) is the See also:political See also:capital; Feldkirch has about 4000 inhabitants, while Bludenz has rather more (see the See also:separate articles on the three former). In the hilly districts the inhabitants mainly follow See also:pastoral pursuits, possessing much See also:cattle of all kinds. In the towns the See also:spinning and See also:weaving of See also:cotton (introduced towards the end of the 18th See also:century) is very flourishing. Forests See also:cover about one-See also:sixth of the See also:district, and See also:form one of the See also:principal See also:sources of its riches.

But the Vorarlberg is predominantly an Alpine region, though its mountains rarely surpass the See also:

snow-level. Ecclesiastically it is in the See also:diocese of See also:Brixen, whose See also:vicar-See also:general (a See also:suffragan See also:bishop) resides at Feldkirch. The name of the district means the " See also:land that is beyond the Arlberg Pass," that is, as it seems to one looking at it from the See also:Tirol. This name is See also:modern and is a collective appellation for the various counties or lordships in the region which the Habsburgs (after they secured Tirol in 1363) succeeded in purchasing or acquiring—Feldkirch (1375, but Hohenems in 1765 only), Bludenz with the Montafon valley (1394), Bregenz (in two parts, 1451 and 1523) and Sonnenberg (1455). After the See also:annexation of Hohenems (its lords having become See also:extinct in 1759), Maria See also:Theresa See also:united all these lordships into an administrative district of Hither See also:Austria, under the name Vorarlberg, the governor residing at Bregenz. In 1782 See also:Joseph II. transferred the region to the province of Tirol. The lordship of Blumenegg was added in 1804, but in 18o5 all these lands were handed over, by virtue of the See also:peace of. See also:Press-See also:burg, to See also:Bavaria, which in 1814 gave them all back, See also:save Hoheneck. In 1815 the See also:present administrative arrangements were made. See A. Achleitner and E. Uhl, Tirol and Vorarlberg (See also:Leipzig, 1895); J.

R. von Bergmann, Landeskunde v. Vorarlberg (Innsbruck, 1868); Max Haushofer, Tirol and Vorarlberg (See also:

Bielefeld and Leipzig, 1899) ; J. C. Heer, Vorarlberg and See also:Liechtenstein—Land and Leate (Feldkirch, 1906); O. von Pfister, Das Montavor (See also:Augsburg, 1884) ; J. Staffler, Tirol and Vorarlberg (5 vols., Innsbruck, 1839–46); A. Steinitzer, Geschichtliche and Kulturgeschichtliche Wanderungen durch Tirol and Vorarlberg (Innsbruck, 1905) ; A. Waltenberger, Alg¢u, Vorarlberg and Westtirol (loth edition, Innsbruck, 1906). See also the See also:list of books at the end of See also:Triton, and especially vol. xiii. (" Tirol u. Vorarlberg ") (See also:Vienna, 1893) of the See also:great See also:official See also:work entitled See also:Die oesterreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort and Bild. (W. A, B.

End of Article: VORARLBERG

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