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London. On the outbreak of the revolution of 1821, of which he disapproved, although he was suspected of sympathizing with it, he was forced into See also:

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile; and though not See also:

long after he was allowed to return to See also:

PIEDMONT (Ital. Piemonte; Low Lat. Pedemons and Pedemontium)

Piedmont, all public service was denied him. Reluctantly, and with frequent endeavours to obtain some See also:

APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment, he gave himself up to literature as the only means See also:

LEFT

left him to See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence the destinies of his country. This accounts for the fitfulness and incompleteness of so much of his See also:

LITERARY

literary See also:

WORK

work, and for the See also:

PRACTICAL

practical, and in many cases temporary, See also:

ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element which runs through even his most elaborate productions. The great See also:

OBJECT

object of his labours was to help in securing the See also:

independence of See also:

Italy from See also:

FOREIGN

foreign See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control. Of true Italian unity he had no expectation and no See also:

DESIRE

desire, but he was devoted to the house of See also:

Savoy, which he foresaw was destined to See also:

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change the See also:

FATE

fate of Italy.

A See also:

CONFEDERATION (Fr. confederation, Lat. confoederatio, from foedus, a league, foederare, to form a league)

confederation of See also:

SEPARATE

separate states under the supremacy of the See also:

pope was the genuine ideal of Balbo, as it was the ostensible one of See also:

GIOBERTI, VINCENZO (18oI-1852)

Gioberti. But Gioberti, in his See also:

PRIMATE (from Low Lat. primas=one who held the first place, primas partes)

Primate, seemed to him to neglect the first essential of independence, which he accordingly inculcated in his Speranze or Hopes of Italy, in which he suggests that See also:

Austria should seek See also:

COMPENSATION (from Lat. compensare, to weigh one thing against another)

compensation in the Balkans for the inevitable loss of her Italian provinces. Preparation, both military and moral, alertness and See also:

PATIENCE

patience were his See also:

CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant theme. He did not desire revolution, but reform; and thus he became the See also:

LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of a moderate party, and the steady opponent not only of despotism but of See also:

DEMOCRACY (Gr. 3np.oKparia, from S)µos, the people, i.e. the commons, and Kparos, rule)

democracy. At last in 1848 his hopes were to some extent satisfied by the constitution granted by the See also:

king. He was appointed a member of the See also:

COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission on the electoral See also:

law, and became first constitutional See also:

PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime-minister of Piedmont, but only held See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office a few months. With the See also:

MINISTRY

ministry of d'Azeglio, which soon after got into See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, he was on friendly terms, and his See also:

PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen continued the active See also:

defence of his political principles till his See also:

DEATH

death on the 3rd of See also:

JUNE

June 1853. The most important of his writings are historico-political, and derive at once their See also:

MAJESTY (Fr. majeste; Lat. majestas, grandeur, greatness, from the base mag-, as in magnus, great, major, greater, &c.)

majesty and their weakness from his theocratic theory of See also:

CHRISTIANITY

Christianity. His See also:

style is clear and vigorous, and not unfrequently terse and epigrammatic. He published Quattro Novelle in 1829; Storia d'Italia sotto i Barbari in 1830; Vita di See also:

DANTE

Dante, 1839; Meditazioni Storiche, 1842–1845; Le Speranze d'Italia, 1844; Pensierisulla Storia d'Italia, 1858; Della Monarchia rappresentativa in Italia (Florence, 1857). See E. Ricotti, Della Vita e degli Scritti di Cesare Balbe (1856) ; A.

Vismara, Bibliografia di Cesare Balbo (See also:

Milan, 1882).

End of Article: BALBO, CESARE, COUNT (1789–1853)

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