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See also:BONALD, See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
LOUIS See also:GABRIEL AMBROISE, VICOMTE DE (1754-1840) , See also:French philosopher and politician, was See also:born at Le Monna, near See also:Millau in See also:Aveyron, on the and of See also:October 1754. Disliking the principles of the Revolution, he emigrated in 1791, joined the See also:army of the See also:prince of See also:Conde, and soon afterwards settled at See also:Heidelberg. There he wrote his first important See also:work, the highly conservative Theorie du pouvoir politique et religieux (3 vols., 1796; new ed., See also:Paris, 1854, 2 vols.), which was condemned by the See also:Directory. Returning to See also:France he found himself an See also:object of suspicion, and was obliged to live in retirement. In 1806 he was associated with See also:Chateaubriand and Fievee in the conduct of the Mercure de France, and two years later was appointed councillor of the Imperial University which he had often attacked. After the restoration he was a member of the See also:council of public instruction, and from 1815 to 1822 sat in the chamber as See also:deputy. His speeches were on the extreme conservative See also:side; he even advocated a See also:literary censorship. In 1822 he was made See also:minister of See also:state, and presided over the See also:censor-See also:ship See also:commission. In the following See also:year he was made a peer, a dignity which he lost through refusing to take the See also:oath in 1830. From 1816 he had been a member of the See also:Academy. He took no See also:part in public affairs after 1830, but retired to his seat at Le Monna, where he died on the 23rd of See also:November 1840.
Bonald was one of the leading writers of the theocratic or traditionalist school, which included de See also:Maistre, See also:Lamennais, See also:Ballanche and d'Eckstein.
His writings are mainly on social and See also:political See also:philosophy, and are based ultimately on one See also:great principle, the divine origin of See also:language. In his own words, " L'homme pense sa See also:parole avant de parler sa pensee;'; the first language contained the essence of all truth. From this he deduces the existence of See also:God, the divine origin and consequent supreme authority of the See also:Holy Scriptures, and the See also:infallibility of the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church. While this thought lies at the See also:root of all his speculations there is a See also:formula of See also:constant application. All relations may be stated as the triad of cause, means and effect, which he See also:sees repeated throughout nature. Thus, in the universe, he finds the first cause as mover, See also:movement as the means, and bodies as the result; in the state, See also:power as the cause, ministers as the means, and subjects as the effects; in the See also:family, the same relation is exemplified by See also:father, See also:mother and See also:children. These three terms See also:bear specific relations to one another; the first is to the second as the second to the third. Thus, in the great triad of the religious world—God, the Mediator, and Man—God is to the God-See also:Man as the God-Man is to Man. On this basis he constructed a See also:system of political See also:absolutism which lacks two things only:—well-grounded premisses instead of baseless hypotheses, and the acquiescence of those who were to be subjected to it.
Bonald's See also:style is remarkably See also:fine; ornate, but pure and vigorous. Many fruitful thoughts are scattered among his See also:works, but his system scarcely deserves the name of a philosophy. In abstract thought he was a See also:mere See also:dilettante, and his strength
See also:lay in the vigour and sincerity of his statements rather than in cogency of reasoning.
He had four sons. Of these, See also:VICTOR DE BONALD (1780–1871) followed his father in his See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile, was See also:rector of the academy of See also:Montpellier after the restoration, but lost his See also:post during the See also:Hundred Days. Regaining it at the second restoration, he resigned finally in 183o. He wrote See also:Des vrais principes opposes aux erreurs du XIXe siecle (1833), Molise et See also:les geologues modernes (1835), and a See also:life of his father. Lours JACQUES See also:MAURICE (1787—1870), See also:cardinal (1841), was condemned by the council of state for a See also:pastoral See also:letter attacking See also:Dupin the See also:elder's See also:Manuel de See also:droit ecclesiaslique. In 1848 he held a memorial service " for those who See also:fell gloriously in See also:defence of See also:civil and religious See also:liberty." In 1851 he nevertheless advocated in the See also:senate the See also:maintenance of the temporal power of See also:Rome by force of arms. See also:HENRI (d. 1846) was a contributor to legitimist See also:journals; and RENE was See also:interim See also:prefect of Aveyron in 1817.
Besides the Theorie above mentioned, the vicomte de Bonald published Essai analytique sur les lois naturelles de l'ordre social (1800); Legislation See also:primitive (1802); Du See also:divorce considers au XIX' siecle (18oi); Recherches philosophiques sur les premiers objets de connaissances morales (2 vols., 1818) ; Melanges litteraires et politiques, demonstration philosophique du Principe constitutif de la societe (1819, 1852). The first collected edition appeared in 12 vols., 1817–1819; the latest is that of the See also:Abbe See also:Migne (3 vols., 1859).
See See also:Notice sur M. le Vicomte de Bonald (1841, ed. See also:Avignon, 1853), (by his son Victor); See also:Damiron, Phil. en France au XIXe siecle; Windelband, See also:History of Philosophy (trans.
J. H. Tufts, 1893) ; E. See also:Faguet in Rev. des deux mondes (See also:April 15, 1889).
End of Article: BONALD, LOUIS GABRIEL AMBROISE, VICOMTE DE (1754-1840)
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