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See also:BOUGAINVILLE, See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
LOUIS See also:ANTOINE DE (1729-1811) , See also:French navigator, was See also:born at See also:Paris on the 1th of See also:November 1729. He was the son of a See also:notary, and in See also:early See also:life studied See also:law, but soon abandoned the profession, and in 1753 entered the See also:army in the See also:corps of musketeers. At the See also:age of twenty-five he published a See also:treatise on the integral calculus, as a supplement to De l'Hopital's treatise,.See also:Des infiniment petits. In 1755 he was sent to See also:London as secretary to the French See also:embassy, and was made a member of the Royal Society. In 1756 he went to See also:Canada as See also:captain of dragoons and aide-de-See also:camp to the See also:marquis de Mont-See also:calm; and having distinguished himself in the See also:war against See also:England, was rewarded with the See also:rank of See also:colonel and the See also:cross of St Louis. He afterwards served in the Seven Years' War from 1761 to 1763. After the See also:peace, when the French See also:government conceived the project of colonizing the See also:Falkland Islands, Bougainville undertook the task at his own expense. But the See also:settlement having excited the See also:jealousy of the Spaniards, the French government gave it up to them, on See also:condition of their indemnifying Bougainville. He was then appointed to the command of the See also:frigate " La Boudeuse " and the transport " L'Etoile," and set See also:sail in See also:December 1766 on a voyage of See also:discovery See also:round the See also:world. Having executed his See also:commission of delivering up the Falkland Islands to the See also:Spanish, Bougainville proceeded on his expedition, and touched at Buenos Aires. Passing through the Straits of See also:Magellan, he visited the Tuamotu See also:archipelago, and See also:Tahiti, where the See also:English navigator See also:Wallis had touched eight months before. He proceeded across the Pacific Ocean by way of the Samoan See also:group, which he named the Navigators Islands, the New See also:Hebrides and the See also:Solomon Islands.
His men now suffering from See also:scurvy, and his vessels requiring refitting, he anchored at See also:Buru, one of the See also:Moluccas, where the See also:governor of the Dutch settlement supplied his wants. It was the beginning of See also:September, and the expedition took
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See also:advantage of the easterly See also:monsoon, which carried them to See also:Batavia. In See also:March 1769 the expedition arrived at St Malo, with the loss of only seven out of upwards of 200 men. Bougainville's See also:account of the voyage (Paris, 1771) is written with simplicity and some See also:humour. After an See also:interval of several years, he again accepted a See also:naval command and saw much active service between 1779 and 1782. In the memorable engagement of the 12th of See also:April 1782, in which See also:Rodney defeated the See also:comte de See also:Grasse, near See also:Martinique, Bougainville, who commanded the " Auguste," succeeded in rallying eight See also:ships of his own See also:division, and bringing them safely into St Eustace. He was created chef d'escadre, and on re-entering the army, was given the rank of marechal de camp. After the peace he returned to Paris, and obtained the See also:place of See also:associate of the See also:Academy. He projected a voyage of discovery towards the See also:north See also:pole, but this did not meet with support from the French government. Bougainville obtained the rank of See also:vice-See also:admiral in 1791; and in 1792, having escaped almost miraculously from the massacres of Paris, he retired to his See also:estate in See also:Normandy. He was chosen a member of the See also:Institute at its formation, and returning to Paris became a member of the See also:Board of See also:Longitude. In his old age See also:Napoleon I. made him a senator, See also:count of the See also:empire, and member of the See also:Legion of See also:Honour.
He died at Paris on the 31st of See also:August 1811. He was married and had three sons, who served in the French army.
Bougainville's name is given to the largest member of the Solomon Islands, which belongs to See also:Germany; and to the strait which divides it from the See also:British See also:island of See also:Choiseul. It is also applied to the strait between Mallicollo and Espiritu Santo Islands of the New Hebrides group, and the See also:South See also:American climbing plant Bougainvillea, often cultivated in greenhouses, is named after him.
End of Article: BOUGAINVILLE, LOUIS ANTOINE DE (1729-1811)
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