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See also:BOURRIENNE, See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
LOUIS See also:ANTOINE FAUVELET DE (176)–1834) , See also:French diplomatist, was See also:born at See also:Sens on the 9th of See also:July 1769. He was educated at the military school of Brienne in See also:Champagne along with See also:Napoleon See also:Bonaparte; and although the solitary habits of the latter made intimacy difficult, the two youths seem to have been on friendly terms. It must, however, be 'added that the stories of their very See also:close friendship, as told in Bourrienne's See also:memoirs, are open to suspicion. Leaving Brienne in 1787, and conceiving a distaste for the See also:army, Bourrienne proceeded to See also:Vienna. He was pursuing legal and See also:diplomatic studies there and afterwards at See also:Leipzig, when the French Revolution See also:broke out and went through its first phases. Not until the See also:spring of 1792 did Bourrienne return to See also:France; at See also:Paris he renewed his acquaintance with Bonaparte. They led a Bohemian See also:life together, and among other incidents of that exciting See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, they witnessed the mobbing of the royal See also:family in the Tuileries (See also:June 20) and the overthrow of the Swiss See also:Guards at the same spot (See also:August 1o). Bourrienne next obtained a diplomatic See also:appointment at See also:Stuttgart, and soon his name was placed on the See also:list of See also:political emigres, from which it was not removed until See also:November 1797. Nevertheless, after the affair of 13th Vendemiaire (See also:October 5, 1795) he returned to Paris and renewed his acquaintance with Bonaparte, who was then second in command of the Army of the Interior and soon received the command of the Army of See also:Italy. Bourrienne did not proceed with him into Italy, but was called thither by the victorious See also:general at the time of the See also:long negotiations with See also:Austria (May–October 1797), when his knowledge of See also:law and See also:diplomacy was of some service in the drafting of the terms of the treaty of Campo Formio (October 17). In the following See also:year he accompanied Bonaparte to See also:Egypt as his private secretary, and See also:left a vivid, if not very trustworthy, See also:account of the expedition in his memoirs. He also accompanied him on the adventurous return voyage to See also:Frejus (September–October 1799), and was of some help in the affairs which led up to the coup d'etat of See also:Brumaire (November) 1799.
He remained by the See also:side of the First See also:Consul in his former capacity, but in the autumn of 1802 incurred his displeasure owing to his very questionable See also:financial dealings. In the spring of 18o5 he was sent as French See also:envoy to the See also:free See also:city of See also:Hamburg. There it was his See also:duty to carry out the See also:measures of commercial See also:war against See also:England, known as the See also:Continental See also:System; but it is known that he not only viewed those tyrannical measures with disgust, but secretly relaxed them in favour of those merchants who plied him with douceurs. In the See also:early spring of 1807, when directed by Napoleon to See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order a large number of military cloaks for the army, then in See also:East See also:Prussia, he found that the only means of procuring them expeditiously was to order them from England. After gaining a large See also:fortune while at Hamburg, he was recalled to France in disgrace at the close of 181o. In 1814 he embraced the royal cause, and during the See also:Hundred Days (1815) accompanied Louis XVIII. to See also:Ghent. The See also:rest of his life was uneventful; he died at See also:Caen on
the 7th of See also:February 1834, after suffering from a See also:mental malady
for two years.
The fame of Bourrienne rests, not upon his achievements or his See also:original See also:works, which are insignificant, but upon his Memoires, edited by C. M. de Villemarest (to vols., Paris, 1829-1831), which have been frequently republished and translated. The best See also:English edition is that edited by See also:Colonel R. W. Phipps (4 vols., See also:London, 1893) ; a new French edition has been edited by D.
See also:Lacroix (5 vols., Paris, 1899-1900). See Bourrienne et ses erreurs, volontaires et involontaires (Paris, 1830), by Generals Belliard, See also:Gourgaud, &c., for a discussion of the genuineness of his Memoirs; also Napoleon et ses dktracteurs, by See also:Prince Napoleon (Paris, 1887; Eng. trans., London, 1888). (J. HL.
End of Article: BOURRIENNE, LOUIS ANTOINE FAUVELET DE (176)–1834)
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