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CAESAREA MAZACA (mod. Kaisarieh)

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 943 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CAESAREA MAZACA (mod. Kaisarieh) , See also:

chief See also:town of a sanjak in the See also:Angora vilayet of See also:Asia See also:Minor. Mazaca, the See also:residence of the See also:kings of See also:Cappadocia, later called Eusebea (perhaps after Ariarathes Eusebes), and named Caesarea probably by See also:Claudius, stood on a See also:low See also:spur on the See also:north See also:side of Erjies Dagh (M. Argaeus). The site, now called Eski-shehr, shows only a few traces of the old town. It was taken by See also:Tigranes and destroyed by the See also:Persian See also:king See also:Shapur (Sapor) I. after his defeat of See also:Valerian in A.U. 260. At this See also:time it is stated to have contained 400,000 inhabitants. In the 4th See also:century See also:Basil, when See also:bishop, established an ecclesiastical centre on the See also:plain, about r m. to the north-See also:east, and this gradually supplanted the old town. A portion of Basil's new See also:city was surrounded with strong walls and turned into a fortress by Justinian; and within the walls, rebuilt in the 13th and 16th centuries, lies the greater See also:part of Kaisarieh, See also:altitude 3500 ft. The town was captured by the Seljuk See also:sultan, See also:Alp Arslan, 1064, and by the See also:Mongols, 1243, before passing to the Osmanli See also:Turks. Its See also:geographical situation has made it a See also:place of commercial importance throughout See also:history.

It See also:

lay on the See also:ancient See also:trade route from See also:Sinope to the See also:Euphrates, on the Persian " Royal Road " from See also:Sardis to See also:Susa, and on the See also:great See also:Roman See also:highway from See also:Ephesus to the East. It is still the most important trade centre in eastern Asia Minor. The town is noted for its See also:fruit, especially its vines; and it exports tissues, carpets, hides, yellow berries and dried fruit. Kaisarieh is the headquarters of the See also:American See also:mission in Cappadocia, which has several churches and See also:schools for boys and girls and does splendid medical See also:work. It is the seat of a See also:Greek bishop, an Armenian See also:archbishop and a Roman See also:Catholic bishop, and there is a Jesuit school. On the 3oth of See also:November 1895 there was a See also:massacre of Armenians, in which several Gregorian priests and See also:Protestant pastors lost their lives. Pop., according to Cuinet, 71,000 (of whom 26,000 are Christians). See also:Sir C. See also:Wilson gave it as 5o,000 (23,000 Christians). (C. W. W.; J.

G. C.

End of Article: CAESAREA MAZACA (mod. Kaisarieh)

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