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FABIUS

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 114 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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FABIUS , the name of a number of See also:

ROMAN

Roman soldiers and statesmen. The See also:

FABIAN [FABIANUS], SAINT (d. 250)

Fabian gens was one of the See also:

OLDEST

oldest and most distinguished patrician families of See also:

Rome. Its members claimed descent from See also:

Hercules and a daughter of the Arcadian See also:

EVANDER (Gr. EvavSpos, " good man ")

Evander. From the earliest times it played a prominent See also:

PART

part in Roman See also:

HISTORY

history, and was one of the two gentes exclusively charged with the management of the most See also:

ancient festival in Rome—the See also:

LUPERCALIA

Lupercalia (See also:

OVID [PUBLIUS OvID1us NASO] (43 B.C.–A.D. 17)

Ovid, See also:

FASTI

Fasti, ii. 375). The See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

FAMILY

family names of the Fabian gens or See also:

CLAN (Gaelic clann, O. Ir. cland, connected with Lat. planta, shoot or scion, the ancient Gaelic or Goidelic substituting k for p)

clan, in republican times, were Vibulanus, Ambustus, See also:

Maximus, Buteo, Pictor, Dorso, See also:

LABEO, MARCUS ANTISTIUS (c. 50 B.C.–A.D. 18)

Labeo; with surnames Verrucosus, Rullianus, Gauges, Aemilianus, Allobrogicus (all of the Maximus See also:

BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch). The most important members of the family are the following: I. See also:

MARCUS

MARCUS FABIUS AMBUSTUS, See also:

PONTIFEX

pontifex maximus in the See also:

YEAR

year of the See also:

CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of Rome by the Gauls (390). His three sons, See also:

QUINTUS

Quintus, Numerius and Caeso; although they had been sent as ambassadors to the Gauls when they were besieging See also:

CLUSIUM (mod. Chiusi, q.v.)

Clusium, subsequently took part in hostilities (See also:

LIVY [Thus L1v1us] (59 B.C.—A.D: 17)

Livy v. 35). The Gauls thereupon demanded their surrender, on the ground that they had violated the See also:

law of nations; the See also:

Romans, by way of reply, elected them consular tribunes in the following year. The result was the See also:

march of the Gauls upon Rome, the See also:

BATTLE

battle of the See also:

Allia, and the capture of the See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city (Livy vi.

1). 2. Q. FABIUS MAXIMUS, surnamed Rullianus or See also:

RULLUS, PUBLIUS SERVILIUS

Rullus, See also:

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the See also:

HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse in the second Samnite See also:

War to L. Papirius See also:

Cursor, by whom he was degraded for having fought the See also:

SAMNITES

Samnites contrary to orders (Livy viii. 30), in spite of the fact that he gained a victory. In 315, when See also:

DICTATOR (from the Lat. dictare, frequentative of dicere, to speak)

dictator, he was defeated by the Samnites at Lautulae (Livy ix. 23). In 310 he defeated the Etruscans at the Vadimonian See also:

Lake. In 295, See also:

consul for the fifth See also:

time, he defeated, at the See also:

GREAT

great battle of See also:

SENTINUM

Sentinum, the combined forces of the Etrurians, Umbrians, Samnites and Gauls (see RoME: History, II. " The See also:

REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic "). As See also:

CENSOR (from Lat. censere, assess, estimate; in Gr. rt s ris)

censor (304) he altered the arrangement of Appius See also:

Claudius Caecus, whereby the freedmen were taken into all the tribes, and limited them to the four city tribes.

For this he is said to have received the See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Maximus, as the deliverer of the See also:

COMITIA

comitia from the See also:

RULE

rule of the See also:

mob (Livy ix. 46), but there is See also:

REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to think that this title was first conferred on his See also:

GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson. It is probable that his achievements are greatly exaggerated by historians favourable to the Fabian See also:

house. 3. QUINTUS FABIUS MAXIMUS, surnamed Verrucosus (from a See also:

WART (Lat. verruca)

wart on his See also:

LIP (a word common in various forms, to Teutonic languages, cf Ger. Lippe, Dan. laebe; Lat. labium is cognate)

lip), Ovicula (" the See also:

lamb,." from his mild disposition), and Cunctator (" the delayer," from his cautious See also:

TACTICS (Gr. TaeTOc*, sc. TEXvnI, from TavQecv, to arrange in order of battle)

tactics in the war against See also:

Hannibal), grandson of the preceding. He served his first consulship in See also:

LIGURIA

Liguria (233 B.C.), was censor (230) and consul for the second time (228). In 218 he was sent to See also:

Carthage to demand See also:

SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction for the attack on See also:

SAGUNTUM

Saguntum (Livy xxi. 18). According to the well-known See also:

story, he held up a See also:

FOLD

fold of his toga and offered the Carthaginians the choice between See also:

peace and war. When they declared themselves indifferent, he, let fall his toga with the words, " Then take war." After the disastrous See also:

CAMPAIGN

campaign on the See also:

TREBIA (mod. Trebbia)

Trebia, and the defeat on the See also:

banks of the See also:

TRASIMENE, LAKE (Lat. Trasumeltus Lacus; Ital. Lago Trasimeno)

Trasimene Lake, Fabius was named dictator (Livy calls him See also:

pro-dictator, since he was nominated, not by the consul, but by the See also:

PEOPLE

people) in 217, and began his tactics of " masterly inactivity." Manoeuvring among the hills, where Hannibal's See also:

CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry were useless, he cut off his supplies, harassed him incessantly, and did everything except fight. His steady adherence to his See also:

plan caused dissatisfaction at Rome and in his own See also:

CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp, and aroused the suspicion that he was merely endeavouring to prolong his command. Minucius See also:

Rufus, his master of the horse, seized the opportunity, during the See also:

ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of Fabius at Rome, to make an attack upon the enemy which proved successful.

The people, more than ever convinced that a forward See also:

MOVEMENT

movement was necessary, divided the command between Minucius and Fabius (Livy xxii. 15. 24; See also:

POLYBIUS (c. 204–122 B.C.)

Polybius iii. 88). Minucius was led into an ambuscade by Hannibal, and his See also:

army was only saved by the opportune arrival of Fabius. Minucius confessed his See also:

MISTAKE (i.e. take amiss)

mistake and henceforth submitted to the orders of Fabius (Livy See also:

XXIII

xxiii. 32). At the end of the legal time of six months Fabius resigned the dictatorship and the war was carried on by the consuls. The result of the See also:

ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")

abandonment of Fabian tactics was the disaster of See also:

CANNAE (mod. Canne)

Cannae (216). In 215 and 214 (as consul for the third and See also:

FOURTH

fourth times) he was in See also:

charge of the operations against Hannibal together with Claudius See also:

MARCELLUS

Marcellus (Livy xxiii. 39). He laid See also:

SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege to See also:

Capua, which had gone over to Hannibal after Cannae, and captured the important position of See also:

CASILINUM (mod. Capua)

Casilinum; in his fifth consulship (209) he retook See also:

Tarentum, which had been occupied by Hannibal for three years (Livy See also:

XXVII

xxvii.

15; Polybius xiii. 4; See also:

Plutarch, Fabius). He died in 203. Fabius was a strenuous opponent of the new aggressive policy, and did all he could to prevent the invasion of See also:

Africa by Scipio. He was distinguished for calmness and prudence, while by no means lacking in courage when it was required. In his later years, however, he became morose, and showed See also:

JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of rising See also:

young men, especially Scipio (See also:

LIFE

Life by Plutarch; Livy xx.-See also:

xxx.; Polybius iii. 87-206). 4. Q. FABIUS MAXIMUS AEMILIANUS, eldest son of L. See also:

AEMILIUS, PAULUS (PAOLO Ea111.io) (d. 1529)

Aemilius Paullus, adopted by Fabius Cunctator. He served in the last Macedonian War (168), and, as consul, defeated Viriathus in See also:

Spain (Livy, Epit.

52). He was the See also:

PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil and See also:

PATRON

patron of Polybius (Polybius xviii., See also:

XXIX

xxix. 6, xxiii. 8-ro; Livy xliv. 35)• 5. Q. FABIUS MAXIMUS ALLOBROGICUS, son of the above, consul 121 in See also:

Gaul. He obtained his surname from his victory over the See also:

ALLOBROGES (in Gr. usually 'AXX6j3peryes)

Allobroges and See also:

ARVERNI

Arverni in that year (Vell. Pat. ii. ro; See also:

EUTROPIUS

Eutropius iv. 22). As censor (Io8) he erected the first triumphal See also:

arch. 6.

Q. FABIUS VIBULANUS, with his See also:

BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers Caeso and Marcus, filled the consulship for seven years in See also:

SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession (485–479 B.C.). In the last year there was a reaction against the family, in See also:

con-sequence of Caeso espousing the cause of the plebeians. Thereupon the Fabii—to the number, it is said, of 306 See also:

PATRICIANS (Lat. patricius, an adjectival form from pater, father; not, as some say, from pater and ciere, to call)

patricians, with some 5000 dependents—emigrated from Rome under the leadership of Caeso, and settled on the banks of the See also:

CREMERA (mock: Fosso della Valchetta)

Cremera, a few See also:

MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles above Rome. For two years the exiles continued to be the city's chief See also:

defence against the Veientes, until at last they were surprised and cut off. The only survivor of the gens was Quintus, the son of Marcus, who apparently took no part in the battle. The story that he had been See also:

LEFT

left behind at Rome on See also:

account of his youth can-not be true, as he was consul ten years afterwards. This Quintus was consul in 467, 465 and 459, and a member of the second decemvirate in 450, on the fall of which he went into voluntary See also:

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile (Livy ii. 42, 48-50, iii. 1, 9, 41, 58, vi. 1; See also:

DION

Dion. Halic. viii.

82-86, ix. 14-22: Ovid, Fasti, ii. 195). The Fabian name is met with as See also:

LATE

late as the 2nd See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century A.D. A See also:

COMPLETE

complete See also:

list of the Fabii will be found in de Vit's Onomasticon; see also W. N. du See also:

RIEU, CHARLES PIERRE HENRI (182o-1902)

Rieu, Disputatio de Gente Fabia (1856), containing an account of 57 members of the family.

End of Article: FABIUS

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