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GARLAND, JOHN (fl. 1202—1252)

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 468 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GARLAND, See also:JOHN (fl. 1202—1252) , Latin grammarian, known as Johannes Garlandius, or, more commonly, Johannes de Garlandia, was See also:born in See also:England, though most of his See also:life was spent in See also:France. John See also:Bale in his Catalogus, and John Pits, following Bale, placed him among the writers of the 11th See also:century. The See also:main facts of his life, however, are stated in a See also:long poem De triumphis ecclesiae contained in See also:Cotton MS. See also:Claudius A x in the See also:British Museum, and edited by See also:Thomas See also:Wright for the See also:Roxburghe See also:Club in 1856. Garland narrates the See also:history of his See also:time from the point of view of the victories gained by the See also:church over heretics at See also:home and infidels abroad. He studied at See also:Oxford under a certain John of See also:London, whom it is difficult to distinguish from others _of the same name; but he must have been in See also:Paris in or before 1202, for he mentions as one of his teachers Alain de See also:Lisle, who died in that See also:year or the next. Garland was one of the See also:pro-. fessors chosen in 1229 for the new university of See also:Toulouse, and remained in the See also:south during the Albigensian crusade, of which he gives a detailed See also:account in books iv.-vi. In 1232 or 1233 the hatred of the See also:people made further See also:residence in Toulouse unsafe for the professors of the university, who had been installed by the See also:Catholic party. Garland was one of the first to See also:fly, and the See also:rest of his life was spent in Paris, where he finished his poem in 1252. Garland's grammatical See also:works were much used in England, and were often printed by See also:Richard Pynson and Wynkyn de Worde. He was also a voluminous Latin poet.

Works on See also:

mathematics and See also:music have also been assigned to him, but the ascription may have arisen from confusion of his works with those of Gerlandus, a See also:canon of See also:Besancon in the 12th century. The See also:treatise on See also:alchemy, Compendium alchimiae, often printed under his name, was by a 14th-century writer named See also:Martin See also:Ortolan, or Lortholain. The best known of his poems beside the " De Triumphis 1 i.e. Maurienne, now a See also:district and See also:diocese (St See also:Jean de Maurienne) of See also:Savoy. Ecclesiae " is " See also:Epithalamium beatae Mariae Virginis,"contained in the same MS. Among his other works are his " Dictionarius," a Latin vocabulary, printed by T. Wright in the Library of See also:National Antiquities (vol. i., 1857); Compendium totius grammatices . . printed at See also:Deventer, 1489; two metrical See also:treatises, entitled Synonyma and Equivoca, frequently printed at the See also:close of the 15th century. For further See also:bibliographical See also:information see the British Museum See also:catalogue; J. A. Fabncius, Bibliotheca See also:Latina mediae et infimae aetatis ., vol. iii. (1754); G.

See also:

Brunet, See also:Manuel du libraire, &c. See also Histoire lilt. de la France, vols. viii., xxi., See also:xxiii. and See also:xxx.; the prefaces to the See also:editions by T. Wright mentioned above; P. See also:Meyer, La Chanson de la croisade contre See also:les Albigeois, vol. ii. pp. xxi-xxiii. (Paris, 1875) ; Dr A. See also:Scheler, Lexicographie latine du XIP et du XIIP siecles (See also:Leipzig, 1867) ; the See also:article by C. L. See also:Kingsford in the See also:Diet. Nat. Biog., giving a See also:list also of the works on alchemy, mathematics and music, rightly or wrongly ascribed to him; E. See also:Sandys, Hist. of Class. Schol. i.

(1906) 549. (E.

End of Article: GARLAND, JOHN (fl. 1202—1252)

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