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south; it is more rarely found in other countries. Its disadvantages as a fence are that it is not portable, that it requires cutting and training while See also:

young, that it harbours weeds and See also:

VERMIN (Fr. vermine, formed as if from Lat. verminus, vcrmis, a worm)

vermin and that it occupies together with the ditch which usually See also:

BORDERS, THE

borders it a considerable space of ground, the margins of which cannot be cultivated. For these reasons it is to some extent superseded by the fence proper, especially where shelter for See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle is not required. In See also:

GREAT

Great See also:

BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain the hawthorn (q.v.) is by far the most important of hedge See also:

PLANTS

plants. See also:

HOLLY (Ilex Aquifolium)

Holly resembles the hawthorn in its amenability to pruning and in its prickly nature and closeness of growth , which make it an effective barrier to, and shelter for, stock, but it is less See also:

hardy and more slow-growing than the hawthorn. See also:

HORNBEAM (Carpinus betulus)

Hornbeam, See also:

BEECH

beech, myrobalan or See also:

CHERRY

cherry See also:

PLUM

plum and blackthorn also have their advantages, hornbeam being See also:

PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof against great exposure, blackthorn thriving on poor land and possessing great impenetrability and so on. See also:

Box, See also:

YEW (Taxus baccata)

yew, See also:

PRIVET

privet and many other plants are used for ornamental hedging; in the See also:

UNITED

United States the osage See also:

orange and See also:

HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

honey See also:

LOCUST

locust are favourite hedge plants.

As fences, wooden posts and rails and See also:

stone walls may be conveniently used in districts where the requisite materials are plentiful. But the most See also:

MODERN

modern See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form of fence is formed of See also:

WIRE (A.S. wir, a wire; cf. Swed. vire, to twist, M.H.G. wiere, a gold ornament, Lat. viriae, armlets, ultimately from the root wi, to twist, bind)

wire strands either smooth or barbed (see BARBED WIRE), strained between See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron See also:

STANDARDS

standards or wooden or See also:

concrete posts. The wire maybe interwoven with See also:

VERTICAL (from Lat. vertex, highest point)

vertical strands or, if necessary, may be kept apart by iron droppers between the standards. Fences of a lighter description are See also:

machine-made with pickets of split See also:

CHESTNUT (nux Castanea)

chestnut or other See also:

wood closely set, See also:

WOVEN

woven with a few strands of wire; they are braced by posts at intervals. From the fact that tramps and vagabonds frequently See also:

SLEEP (0. Eng. slcepan; Ger. schlafen; cf. Lat. labi, to glide, and " slip ")

sleep under hedges the word has come to be used as a See also:

TERM

term of contempt, as in " hedge-See also:

PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest," an inferior and illiterate See also:

KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

PARSON

parson at one See also:

time existing in England and See also:

Ireland, and in " hedge-school," a See also:

low class school held in the open See also:

air, formerly very See also:

COMMON

common in Ireland. From the sense of " hedge " as an enclosure or barrier the' verb "to hedge" means to enclose, to form a barrier or defence, to See also:

BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound or limit. As a sporting term the word is used in betting to mean See also:

PROTECTION

protection from loss, by betting on both sides, by "laying off " on one See also:

side, after laying odds on another or See also:

VICE

vice versa. The word was See also:

early used figuratively in the sense of to avoid committing oneself. See articles in the Cyclopaedia of See also:

AMERICAN

American See also:

Agriculture, vol. i., ed. by L. H. See also:

Bailey (New See also:

York, 19o7i ; in the See also:

Standard Cyclopaedia of Modern Agriculture, ed. by R. P.

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