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HOWELLS, WILLIAM DEAN (1837– )

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 839 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HOWELLS, See also:WILLIAM See also:DEAN (1837– ) , See also:American novelist, was See also:born at See also:Martin's See also:Ferry, See also:Ohio, on the 1st of See also:March 1837. His See also:father, William See also:Cooper Howells, a printer-journalist, moved in 1840 to See also:Hamilton, Ohio, and here the boy's See also:early See also:life was spent successively as type-setter, reporter and editor in the offices of various See also:newspapers. In the midst of routine See also:work he contrived to familiarize himself with a wide range of authors in several See also:modern See also:tongues, and to See also:drill himself thoroughly in the use of See also:good See also:English. In 1860, as assistant editor of the leading Re-publican newspaper in Ohio, he wrote—in connexion with the Presidential contest—the See also:campaign life of See also:Lincoln; and in the same See also:year he was appointed See also:consul at See also:Venice, where he remained till 1865. On his return to See also:America he joined the See also:staff of the See also:Atlantic Monthly, and from 1872 to 1881 he was its editorin-See also:chief. Since 1885 he has lived in New See also:York. For a See also:time heconducted for Harper's See also:Magazine the See also:department called " The Editor's Study," and in See also:December 1900 he revived for the same periodical the department of " The Easy See also:Chair," which had lapsed with the See also:death of See also:George William See also:Curtis. Of Mr Howells's many novels, the following may be mentioned as specially noteworthy: Their See also:Wedding See also:Journey (1872); The See also:Lady of the Aroostook (1879); A Modern Instance (1882); The Rise of See also:Silas Lapham (1885); The See also:Minister's See also:Charge (1886); A See also:Hazard of New Fortunes (1889); The Quality of See also:Mercy (1892); The Landlord at See also:Lion's See also:Head (1897). He also published Poems (1893 and 1886); Stops of Various Quills (1895), a See also:book of See also:verse; books of travel; several amusing farces; and volumes of essays and See also:literary See also:criticism, among others, Literary See also:Friends and Acquaintance (1901), which contains much autobiographical See also:matter, Literature and Life (1902), and English Films (1905). Howells is by See also:general consent the foremost representative of the realistic school of indigenous American fiction. From the outset his aim was to portray life with entire fidelity in all its commonplaceness, and yet to See also:charm the reader into a liking for this commonplaceness and into reverence for what it conceals. Though in his earliest novels his method was not consistently realistic—he is at times almost as See also:personal and as whimsical as See also:Thackeray—yet his vivid See also:impressionism and his choice of subjects, as well as an occasional explicit protest that " dulness is dear to him," already revealed unmistakably his realistic See also:bias.

In A Modern Instance (1882) he gained See also:

complete command of his method, and began a See also:series of studies of American life that are remarkable for their See also:loyalty to fact, their truth of See also:tone, and their See also:power to reveal, despite their strictly See also:objective method, both the inner springs of American See also:character and the sociological forces that are shaping American See also:civilization. He refuses to over-sophisticate or to over-intellectualize his characters, and he is very sparing in his use of psychological See also:analysis. He insists on seeing and portraying American life as it exists in and for itself, under its own skies and with its own See also:atmosphere; he does not scrutinize it with See also:foreign comparisons in mind, and thus try to find and to throw into See also:relief unsuspected configurations of See also:surface. He keeps his See also:dialogue toned down to almost the See also:pitch of everyday conversation, although he has shown in his See also:comedy sketches how easy a See also:master he is of adroit and witty talk. See also J. M. See also:Robertson, Essays towards a See also:Critical Method (See also:London, 1889) ; H. C. See also:Vedder, American Writers (See also:Boston, 1894).

End of Article: HOWELLS, WILLIAM DEAN (1837– )

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