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hyacinth, the petals of which were marked with the mournful exclamation Al, Al, " alas " (cf. " that sanguine flower inscribed with woe "). This Greek hyacinth cannot have been the flower which now bears the name: it has been identified with a See also:

SPECIES

species of See also:

IRIS

iris and with the See also:

LARKSPUR

larkspur (delphinium Aiacis), which appear to have the markings described. The Greek hyacinth was also said to have sprung from the blood of See also:

Ajax. Evidently the Greek authorities confused both the See also:

FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers and the traditions. The See also:

DEATH

death of Hyacinthus was celebrated at Amyclae by the second most important of Spartan festivals, the Hyacinthia, which took See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the Spartan See also:

month Hecatombeus. What month this was is not certain. Arguing from See also:

XENOPHON

Xenophon (See also:

HELL (0. Eng. hel, a Teutonic word from a root meaning " to cover," cf. Ger. Holle, Dutch hel)

Hell. iv. 5) we get May; assuming that the Spartan Hecatombeus is the See also:

ATTIC (i.e. "in the Attic style ")

Attic Hecatombaion, we get See also:

JULY

July; or again it may be the Attic Scirophorion, See also:

JUNE

June. At all events the Hyacinthia was an See also:

early summer festival. It lasted three days, and the See also:

RITES

rites gradually passed from See also:

MOURNING (from the verb " to mourn," to be sorrowful, 0. Eng. murnan; cf. O.H.G. mornen, Goth. maurnan, to be anxious, O.N. morna, to pine away; by some referred to root seen in Gr. jdptpva, sorrow, by others to root mer-, to die)

mourning for Hyacinthus to rejoicings ' The word is probably derived from an Indo-See also:

EUROPEAN

European See also:

root, meaning " youthful," found in Latin, Greek, See also:

ENGLISH

English and See also:

SANSKRIT

Sanskrit.

Some have suggested that the first two letters are from becv, to See also:

RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain, (cf. See also:

HYADES (" the rainy ones ")

Hyades). in the See also:

MAJESTY (Fr. majeste; Lat. majestas, grandeur, greatness, from the base mag-, as in magnus, great, major, greater, &c.)

majesty of Apollo, the See also:

god of See also:

LIGHT

light and warmth, and giver of the ripe fruits of the See also:

earth (see a passage from See also:

POLYCRATES

Polycrates, Laconica, quoted by See also:

ATHENAEUS

Athenaeus 139 D; criticized by L. R. Farnell, Cults of the Greek States, iv. 266 See also:

FOIL

foil.). This festival is dearly connected with vegetation, and marks the passage from the youthful verdure of See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring to the dry See also:

HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat of summer and the ripening of the See also:

corn. The precise relation which Apollo bears to Hyacinthus is obscure. The fact that at See also:

Tarentum a Hyacinthus tomb is ascribed by See also:

POLYBIUS (c. 204–122 B.C.)

Polybius to Apollo Hyacinthus (not Hyacinthius) has led some to think that the personalities are one, and that the See also:

hero is merely an See also:

EMANATION (Lat. emanatio, from e-, out, manare, to flow)

emanation from the god; See also:

CONFIRMATION (Lat. confirmatio, from confirmare, to establish, make firm)

confirmation is sought in the Apolline appellation rerph ap, alleged by See also:

HESYCHIUS

Hesychius to have been used in See also:

Laconia, and assumed to describe a composite figure of Apollo-Hyacinthus. Against this theory is the essential difference between the two figures. Hyacinthus is a chthonian vegetation god whose worshippers are afflicted and sorrowful; Apollo, though interested in vegetation, is never regarded as inhabiting the See also:

LOWER

lower See also:

WORLD

world, his death is not celebrated in any See also:

RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual, his See also:

WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship is joyous and triumphant, and finally the Amyclean Apollo is specifically the god of See also:

war and See also:

SONG

song. Moreover, Pausanias describes the See also:

MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument at Amyclae as consisting of a See also:

RUDE, FRANCOIS (1784–1855)

rude figure of Apollo See also:

STANDING

standing on an See also:

ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar-shaped See also:

BASE

base which formed the tomb of Hyacinthus.

Into the latter bfferings were put for the hero before gifts were made to the god. On the whole it is probable that Hyacinthus belongs originally to the pre-Dorian See also:

period, and that his story was appropriated and See also:

WOVEN

woven into their own Apollo myth by the conquering See also:

DORIANS

Dorians. Possibly he may be the See also:

APOTHEOSIS (Gr. aaoOeou)

apotheosis of a pre-Dorian king of Amyclae. J. G. Frazer further suggests that he may have been regarded as spending the See also:

winter months in the under-world and returning to earth in the spring when the " hyacinth " blooms. In this See also:

case his festival represents perhaps both the Dorian See also:

CONQUEST

conquest of Amyclae and the death of spring before the ardent heat of the summer See also:

sun, typified as usual by the discus (quoit) with which Apollo is said to have slain him. With the growth of the hyacinth from his blood should be compared the See also:

ORIENTAL

oriental stories of .violets springing from the blood of See also:

ATTIS

Attis, and See also:

ROSES, WARS OF THE

roses and anemones from that of See also:

ADONIS

Adonis. As a youthful vegetation god, Hyacinthus may be compared with See also:

LINUS

Linus and Scephrus, both of whom are connected with Apollo Agyieus. See L. R. Farnell, Cults of the Greek States, vol. iv.

(19o7), pp. 125 foil., 264 foil.; J. G. Frazer, Adonis, Attis, See also:

OSIRIS

Osiris (1906), bk. ii. ch. 7; S. Wide, Lakonische Kulte, p. 290; E. Rhode, See also:

PSYCHE (//vxi7)

Psyche, 3rd ed. i. 137 foil. ; See also:

ROSCHER, WILHELM GEORG FRIEDRICH (1817–1894)

Roscher, Lexikon d. griech. u. See also:

REIN

rein. Myth., s.v. " Hyakinthos " (Greve) ; L.

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