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Area, 31,846 sq. m. Jalisco is traversed from N.N.W. to S.S.E. by the Sierra Madre, locally known as the Sierra de Nayarit and Sierra de Jalisco, which divides the state into a See also:

low heavily forested coastal • See also:

PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain and a high See also:

plateau region, See also:

PART

part of the See also:

GREAT

great See also:

ANAHUAC

Anahuac table-See also:

LAND

land, with an See also:

AVERAGE

average See also:

ELEVATION

elevation of about 5000 ft., broken by spurs and flanking ranges of moderate height. The sierra region is largely volcanic and earthquakes are frequent; in the S. are the active volcanoes of Colima (12,750 ft.) and the Nevado de Colima (14,363) ft.). The tierra caliente See also:

ZONE (Gr. 'WV77, a girdle, from 'wvvLvay to gird)

zone of the coast is tropical, humid, and unfavourable to Europeans, while the inland plateaus vary from sub-tropical to temperate and are generally drier and healthful. The greater part of the state is drained by the Rio Grande de See also:

LERMA, FRANCISCO DE SANDOVAL Y ROJAS, DUKE OF (1552–1625)

Lerma (called the See also:

SANTIAGO, or SANTIAGO DE CHILE

Santiago on its See also:

LOWER

lower course) and its tributaries, See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of which is the Rio Verde. Lakes are numerous; the largest are the Chapala, about 8o m. See also:

long by to to 35 M. wide, which is considered one of the most beautiful inland sheets of See also:

WATER

water in Mexico, the Sayula and the Magdalena, noted for their abundance of See also:

fish. The agricultural products of Jalisco include See also:

INDIAN

Indian See also:

corn, See also:

wheat and beans on the uplands, and See also:

SUGAR

sugar-See also:

CANE

cane, See also:

cotton, See also:

rice, See also:

INDIGO (earlier indico, from Lat. indicum, the Indian sub-stance or dye; the Sans. name was niti, from nila, dark blue, and this through Arab. al-nil, annil, gives " aniline ")

indigo and See also:

TOBACCO

tobacco in the warmer districts. See also:

RUBBER, INDIARUBBER

Rubber and See also:

palm oil are natural See also:

FOREST

forest products of the coastal zone. Stock-raising is an important occupation in some of the more elevated districts.

The See also:

MINERAL

mineral resources include See also:

SILVER

silver, See also:

gold, See also:

CINNABAR (Ger. Zinnober)

cinnabar, See also:

COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper, See also:

BISMUTH

bismuth, and various See also:

PRECIOUS (O. Fr. precios, mod. precieux, Lat. pretiosus, of high value or price, pretium)

precious stones. There are reduction See also:

WORKS

works of the old-fashioned type and some manufactures, including cotton and woollen goods, pottery, refined sugar and See also:

leather. The commercial activities of the state contribute much to its prosperity. There is a large percentage of See also:

INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians and mestizos in the See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population. The See also:

capital is Guadalajara, and other important towns with their populations in 'goo (unless otherwise stated) are: Zapotlanejo (20,275), 21 M. E. by N. of Guadalajara; See also:

CIUDAD

Ciudad Guzman (17,374 in 1895), 6o m. N.E. of Colima; See also:

LAGOS

Lagos (14,716 in 1895), a See also:

MINING

mining See also:

TOWN

town too m. E.N.E. of Guadalajara on the Mexican Central railway; Tamazula (8.783 in 1895); Sayula (7883); Autlan (7715); 'feocaltiche (8881); Ameca (7212 in 1895), in a fertile agricultural It grows in Mexico along the See also:

mountain range of the Sierra Gorda in the neighbourhood of See also:

San Luis de la Paz, from which See also:

DISTRICT

district it is carried down to See also:

TAMPICO

Tampico, whence it is exported. A third variety of See also:

JALAP

jalap known as woody jalap, male jalap, or See also:

Orizaba See also:

root, or by the Mexicans as Purgo macho, is derived from I pomaea orizabensis, a plant of Orizaba. The root occurs in fibrous pieces, which are usually rectangular blocks of irregular shape, 2 in. or more in See also:

DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter, and are evidently portions of a large root. It is only occasionally met with in See also:

commerce. The dose of jalap is from five to twenty grains, the See also:

BRITISH

British Pharmacopeia directing that it must contain from 9 to II % of the See also:

RESIN (through O.Fr. resine, modern reline, from Lat. resina, prcbably Latinized from Greek Pirivrt, resin)

resin, which is given in doses of two to five grains.

One preparation of this See also:

drug is in See also:

COMMON

common use, the Pulvis Jalapae Compositus, which consists of 5 parts of jalap, 9 of cream of See also:

TARTAR

tartar, and i of See also:

GINGER (Fr. gingembre, Ger. Ingwer)

ginger. The dose is from 20 grains to a drachm. It is best given in the maximum dose which causes the minimum of irritation. The chief constituents of jalap resin are two glucosides—convolvulin and jalapin—sugar, See also:

STARCH

starch and See also:

GUM (Fr. gomme, Lat. gommi, Gr. Kµµ1, possibly a Coptic word; distinguish " gum," the fleshy covering of the base of a tooth, in O. Eng. gbma, palate, cf. Ger. Gaumen, roof of the mouth; the ultimate origin is probably the root gha, to open wide, seen in

gum. Convolvulin constitutes nearly 20 % of the resin. It is insoluble in See also:

ETHER, (C2H5)2O

ether, and is more active than jalapin. It is not used separately in See also:

MEDICINE

medicine. Jalapin is See also:

PRESENT

present in about the same proportions. It dissolves readily in ether, and has a soft resinous consistence. It may be given in See also:

HALF

half-See also:

GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain doses. It is the active principle of the allied drug See also:

SCAMMONY

scammony. According to See also:

Mayer, the See also:

formula of convolvulin is C34H60O16, and that of jalapin Ca1Hfi0Ois.

Jalap is a typical hydragogue purgative, causing the See also:

EXCRETION (Lat. ex, out of, cernere, cretum, to separate)

excretion of more fluid than scammony, but producing less stimulation of the See also:

MUSCULAR

muscular See also:

wall of the bowel. For both reasons it is preferable to scammony. It was shown by See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor See also:

Rutherford at See also:

EDINBURGH

Edinburgh to be a powerful secretory cholagogue, an See also:

ACTION

action possessed by few hydragogue purgatives. The stimulation of the See also:

LIVER (O. Eng. lifer; cf. cognate forms, Dutch lever, Ger. Leber, Swed. lefver, &c.; the O. H. Ger. forms are libara, lipora, &c.; the Teut. word has been connected with Gr. i'prap and Lat. jecur)

liver is said to depend upon the See also:

SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of the resin by the intestinal secretion. The drug is largely employed in cases of See also:

Bright's disease and See also:

DROPSY (contracted from the old word hydropisy, derived from the Gr. 154w¢; i Swp, water, and appearance)

dropsy from any cause, being especially useful when the liver shares in the See also:

general venous congestion. It is not much used in See also:

ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

CONSTIPATION (from Lat. constipare, to press closely together, whence also the adjective " costive ")

constipation.

End of Article: JALISCO, XALISCO

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