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See also:JUBILEE See also:YEAR , an institution in the See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, observed every twenty-fifth year, from See also:Christmas to Christmas. During its continuance plenary See also:indulgence is obtainable by all the faithful, on See also:condition of their penitently confessing their sins and visiting certain churches a stated number of times, or doing an See also:equivalent amount of meritorious See also:work. The institution See also:dates from the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Boniface VIII., whose See also:bull Antiquorum habet fideen is dated the 22nd of See also:February 1300. The circumstances in which it was promulgated are related by a contemporary authority, Jacobus Cajetanus, according to whose See also:account (" Relatio de centesimo s. jubilaeo See also:anno " in the Bibliotheca Patrum) a rumour spread through See also:Rome at the See also:close of 1299 that every one visiting St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's on the 1st of See also:January 1300 would receive full See also:absolution. The result was an enormous influx of pilgrims to Rome, which stirred the See also:pope's See also:attention. Nothing was found in the archives, but an old See also:peasant 107 years of See also:age avowed that his See also:father had been similarly benefited a See also:century previously. The bull was then issued, and the pilgrims became even more numerous, to the profit of both See also:clergy and citizens. Originally the churches of St Peter and St See also:Paul in Rome were the only jubilee churches, but the See also:privilege was afterwards extended to the Lateran Church and that of Sta Maria See also:Maggiore, and it is now shared also for the year immediately following that of the Roman jubilee by a number of specified provincial churches. At the See also:request of the Roman See also:people, which was supported by St See also:Bridget of See also:Sweden and by See also:Petrarch, See also:Clement VI. in 1343 appointed, by the bull Unigenitus Dei filius, that the jubilee should recur every fifty years instead of every See also:hundred years as had been originally contemplated in the constitution of Boniface; See also:Urban VI., who was badly in need of See also:money, by the bull Salvator See also:poster in 1389 reduced the See also:interval still further to See also:thirty-three years (the supposed duration of the earthly See also:life of See also:Christ); and Paul II. by the bull Ineffabilis (See also:April 19, 1470) finally fixed it at twenty-five years. Paul II. also permitted foreigners to substitute for the See also:pilgrimage to Rome a visit to some specified church in their own See also:country and a contribution towards the expenses of the See also:Holy See also:Wars. According to the See also:special See also:ritual prepared by See also:Alexander VI. in 1500, the pope on the Christmas See also:Eve with which the jubilee begins goes in See also:solemn procession to a particular walled-up See also:door (" Porta aurea ") of St Peter's and knocks three times, using at the same time the words of Ps. cxviii. 19 (Aperite mihi Aortas justitiae). The doors are then opened and sprinkled with holy See also:water, and the pope passes through. A similar ceremony is conducted by cardinals at the other jubilee churches of the See also:city. At the close of the jubilee, the special See also:doorway is again built up with appropriate solemnities.
The last See also:ordinary jubilee was observed in 1900. " Extraordinary" See also:jubilees are sometimes appointed on special occasions, e.g. the See also:accession of a new pope, or that proclaimed by Pope See also:Leo XIII. for the 12th of See also:March 1881, " in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to obtain from the See also:mercy of Almighty See also:God help and succour in the weighty necessities of the Church, and comfort and strength in the See also:battle against her numerous and mighty foes." These are not so much jubilees in the ordinary sense as special grants of plenary indulgences for particular purposes (Indulgentiae plenariae in forma jubilaei).
End of Article: JUBILEE YEAR
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