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Loire, stretch the hills of Perche and Normandy, which generally have a height of from 800 to Joao ft. The highest point in the department, situated in the See also:

FOREST

forest of Ecouves north of Alen9on, reaches 1368 ft. The department gives See also:

BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth to three See also:

Seine tributaries—the Eure, its affluent the Iton, and the Risle, which passes by Laigle. The Touques, passing by Vimoutiers, the Dives and the Orne fall into the See also:

ENGLISH

English Channel, the last passing See also:

SEES

Sees and Argentan, and receiving the Noireau with its tributary the See also:

Vere, which runs past See also:

FLERS

Flers.

Towards the Loire flows the Huisne, a feeder of the Sarthe passing by See also:

MORTAGNE

Mortagne, the Sarthe, which passes by Alen9on, and the See also:

Mayenne, some of whose affluents rise to the north of the dividing range and make their way through it by the most picturesque defiles. The department, indeed, with its beautiful forests containing oaks several centuries old, its meadows, streams, deep See also:

GORGES, SIR FERDINANDO (c. 1566-1647)

gorges and stupendous rocks, is one of the most picturesque of all France. In the See also:

MATTER

matter of See also:

CLIMATE

climate Orne belongs to the Seine region. The mean temperature is 50° F.; the summer See also:

HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat is never extreme; the west winds are the most frequent; the rainfall, distributed over about a See also:

HUNDRED

hundred days in the See also:

YEAR

year, amounts to 36 in. or about 5 in. more than the See also:

AVERAGE

average for France. See also:

HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

Horse-breeding is the most flourishing business in the rural districts; there are three breeds—those of Perche, Le Merlerault and Brittany. The See also:

GREAT

great See also:

government See also:

STUD

stud of Le See also:

PIN (a doublet with " pen " from Lat. pinna, feather, pinnacle, which is said to contain the same root as irirvs, pine tree, and properly to mean a sharp point or end)

Pin-au-Haras (established in 1714), with its school of horse-breeding, is situated between Le Merlerault and Argentan. Several horse-training establishments exist in the department. A large number of lean See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle are bought in the neighbouring departments to be fattened.; the farms in the vicinity of Vimoutiers, on the See also:

BORDERS, THE

borders of Calvados, produce the famous Camembert See also:

CHEESE (Lat. caseus)

cheese, and others excellent See also:

BUTTER (Lat. butyrum, Gr. 0obrvpov, apparently connected with $ous, cow, and rvpbs, cheese, but, according to the New English Dictionary, perhaps of Scythian origin)

butter. The See also:

BEE (Sanskrit blza, AS. ben, Lat. apis)

bee See also:

INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry is very flourishing. Oats, See also:

wheat, See also:

BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley and See also:

BUCKWHEAT

buckwheat are the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief cereals, besides which See also:

FODDER

fodder in great quantity and variety, potatoes and some 20 See also:

HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

hemp are grown. The variety of See also:

PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production is due to the great natural diversity of the soils. Small farms are the See also:

RULE

rule, and the See also:

FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields in those cases are surrounded by hedges relieved by See also:

POLLARD, EDWARD ALBERT (1828–1872)

pollard trees.

Along the roads or in the enclosures are planted numerous See also:

PEAR (Pyrus communis)

pear and See also:

APPLE (a common Teut. word, A.S. aepl, aeppel, O.H.G. aphul, aphal, apfal, mod. Ger. Apfel)

apple trees, the latter yielding See also:

cider, part of which is manufactured into See also:

BRANDY

brandy. See also:

BEECH

Beech, See also:

OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak, See also:

birch and See also:

PINE (Lat. Pinus, Gr. srlrur)

pine are the chief See also:

TIMBER

timber trees in the extensive forests of the department. Orne has See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron mines and freestone quarries; a See also:

KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of smoky See also:

QUARTZ

quartz known as Alengon See also:

DIAMOND

diamond is found. Its most celebrated See also:

MINERAL

mineral See also:

WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters are those of the hot springs of Bagnoles, which contain See also:

salt, See also:

SULPHUR

sulphur and See also:

ARSENIC (symbol As, atomic weight 75.0)

arsenic, and are employed for tonic and restorative purposes in cases of See also:

general debility. In the forest of Belleme is the chalybeate See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of La See also:

Hesse, which was used by the See also:

Romans. See also:

Cotton and See also:

LINEN

linen See also:

WEAVING

weaving, principally carried on at Flers (q.v.) and La Ferte-See also:

MACE (Fr. masse, O. Fr. mace, connected with Lat.'ntateola, a mallet)

Mace (pop. 4355), forms the See also:

STAPLE

staple industry of Orne. Alengon and Vimoutiers are engaged in the production of linen and See also:

CANVAS

canvas. Vimoutiers has bleacheries, which, together with dye-See also:

WORKS

works, are found in the textile centres. Only a few workmen are now employed at Alengon in the making of the See also:

LACE (corresponding to Ital. merletto, trina; Genoese Pizzo; Ger. spitzen; Fr. dentelle; Dutch kanten; Span. encaje; the English word owes something to the Fr. lassis or laces, but both are connected with the earlier Lat. laqueus; early French laces were

lace which takes its name from the See also:

TOWN

town. Foundries and See also:

WIRE (A.S. wir, a wire; cf. Swed. vire, to twist, M.H.G. wiere, a gold ornament, Lat. viriae, armlets, ultimately from the root wi, to twist, bind)

wire-works also exist in the department, and articles in See also:

COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper, See also:

ZINC

zinc and See also:

lead are manufactured. Pins, needles, wire and hardware are produced at Laigle (pop.

4416), and Tinchebray is also a centre for hardware manufacture. There are also See also:

glass-works, See also:

paper-See also:

mills, tanneries (the waters of the Orne being reputed to give a See also:

SPECIAL

special quality to the See also:

leather) and See also:

GLOVE (O. Eng. glof, perhaps connected with Gothic lofa, the palm of the hand)

glove-works. See also:

COAL

Coal, raw cotton, metals and machinery are imported into the department, which exports its See also:

WOVEN

woven and See also:

metal manufacture, live stock and See also:

FARM

farm produce. The department is served by the Western railway. There are four arrondissements, with Alengon, the See also:

capital, Argentan, See also:

DOMFRONT

Domfront and Mortagne as their chief towns, 36 cantons and 512 communes. The department forms the See also:

DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese of Sees (province of See also:

ROUEN

Rouen) and part of the See also:

ACADEMIC

academic (educational See also:

DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division) of See also:

CAEN

Caen, and the region of the IV. See also:

army See also:

CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps; its See also:

court of See also:

APPEAL

appeal is at Caen. The chief places are Alengon, Argentan, Mortagne, Flers and Sees. Carrouges has remains of a See also:

CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

chateau of the 15th and 17th centuries; Chambois has a See also:

DONJON (from a Late Lat. accusative form domnionem, connected with domnus or dominus, a lord)

donjon of the 12th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century; and there is a See also:

FINE

fine See also:

RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance chateau at O. A See also:

church in Laigle has a fine See also:

TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower of the 15th century. There are a great number of megalithic monuments in the department.

End of Article: ORNE

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