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sixth mile, to the Campus salinarum romanarum, the saltmarsh on the right bank—from which indeed it derived its name (see Notizie degli Scavi, 1888, p. 228). The site can still be fairly clearly traced in the See also:

low ground to the east of Fiumicino, and the lighthouse is represented in bas-reliefs. The harbour is generally supposed to have been protected by two moles with a See also:

BREAKWATER

breakwater in front, on which stood the lighthouse, with an entrance on each See also:

side of it.

Trial soundings made in 1907 showed that the course of the right-See also:

hand See also:

mole is represented by a low sandhill, while the central breakwater was only some 190 yds. long, and probably divided from each of the two moles by a channel some 125 yds. wide. The existence of two entrances is, indeed, in accordance with the See also:

EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of coins and See also:

LITERARY

literary tradition, though the position of that on the See also:

LEFT

left is not certain, and it may have been closed in later times. The whole course of the left-hand mole has not yet been traced, but it seems to have protected not only the south-west but a considerable portion of the north-west side of the harbour. In A.D. 103 See also:

TRAJAN [MARCUS ULPIUS TRAJANUS] (A. D. 53-117)

Trajan constructed another harbour farther inland—a hexagonal See also:

basin enclosing an area of 97 acres, and communicating by canals with the harbour of Claudius, with the Tiber direct, and with the sea, the last now forming the navigable See also:

ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm of the See also:

TIBET, or THIBET

Tibet (reopened for See also:

TRAFFIC

traffic by See also:

Gregory XIII. and again by See also:

Paul V.), and bearing the name Fossa trajana, though its origin is undoubtedly due to Claudius. The basin itself is still preserved, and is now a reedy See also:

LAGOON (Fr. lagune, Lat. lacuna, a pool)

lagoon. It was surrounded by extensive warehouses, remains of which may still be seen: the fineness of the See also:

BRICKWORK

brickwork of which they are built is remarkable. Farther to the See also:

CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast is a circular See also:

BUILDING

building in See also:

BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick with niches; it is called the See also:

temple of Portumnus. To the east again is the so-called Arco di Nostra Donna, a gateway (possibly originally built by Trajan) in the fortifications which surround the See also:

PORT

port and are attributed to the See also:

time of See also:

CONSTANTINE

Constantine. Many other remains of buildings exist; they were more easily traceable in the 16th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century when Pirro Ligorio and See also:

Antonio Labacco made plans of the harbour. Considerable excavations were carried on in 1868, but unfortunately with the See also:

IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of recovering See also:

WORKS

works of See also:

art and antiquities; and the See also:

plan and description given by R. Lanciani (Annali del instituto, 1868, 144 sqq.) were made under unfavourable circumstances.

By means of these works Portus captured the See also:

main See also:

SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share of the harbour traffic of Rome, and though the importance of Ostia did not at once decrease we find Portus already an episcopal see in Constantine's time not very 169 long (if at all) after Ostia, and as the only harbour in the time of the See also:

GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

WARS

wars. Its See also:

ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")

abandonment See also:

DATES

dates from the partial silting up of the right arm of the Tiber in the See also:

MIDDLE

middle ages, which restored to Ostia what little traffic was left. To the west of the harbour is the See also:

CATHEDRAL

cathedral of S. Rufina (loth century, but modernized except for the campanile) and the episcopal See also:

PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace, fortified in the middle ages, and containing a number of ancient See also:

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions from the site. On the island (Isola Sacra) just opposite is the See also:

church of S. Ippolito, built on the site of a See also:

ROMAN

Roman building, with a picturesque See also:

MEDIEVAL

medieval campanile (13th century ?); 2 M. to the west is the modern See also:

VILLAGE

village of Fiumicino at the mouth of the right arm of the Tiber, which is 21 M. west-south-west by See also:

RAIL

rail from Rome. It is a frazione, or portion of the See also:

commune of Rome. Three See also:

MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles to the north is the pumping station by which the See also:

LOWLAND

lowland (formerly called Stagno di Maccarese, now reclaimed and traversed by many drainage canals) between here and Maccarese is kept drained (Bonifica di Maccarese) (see TIBER). See H. See also:

DESSAU

Dessau in Corp. inscr. latin, xiv. I sqq. (See also:

Berlin, 1887) ; J.

Carcopino in Notizie degli Scavi (1907), p. 734. (T. As.) PORT-VENDRES, a seaport of south-western See also:

France, in the See also:

DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

PYRENEES [Span. Pirineos, Fr. Pyrenees]

Pyrenees-Orientales, in an inlet of the Mediterranean Sea, 191 m. S.S.E. of See also:

PERPIGNAN

Perpignan by rail. Pop. (1906), 2525. Port-Vendres, the ancient Portus Veneris, is See also:

FOURTH

fourth in importance of the See also:

French Mediterranean ports, and forms a See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good harbour of See also:

REFUGE

refuge. Its See also:

trade, which is with See also:

Spain, See also:

GREECE

Greece and See also:

Algeria, is in See also:

cork, carobs, See also:

GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain and See also:

WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, &c.

End of Article: PORTUS

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