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QUATREFAGES DE BREAU, See also:JEAN See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
LOUIS ARMAND DE (1810-1892) , See also:French naturalist, was See also:born at Berthezene, near Vallerangue (See also:Gard), on the loth of See also:February 181o, the son of a See also:Protestant See also:farmer. He studied See also:medicine at See also:Strassburg, where he took the See also:double' degree of MD. and D.Sc., one of his theses being a Theorie d'un coup de See also:canon (See also:November 1829); next See also:year he published a See also:book, Sur See also:les aerolithes, and in 1832 a See also:treatise on L'Extraversion de la vessie. Removing to See also:Toulouse, he practised medicine for a See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, and contributed various See also:memoirs to the See also:local See also:Journal de medecine and to the Annales See also:des sciences naturelles (1834-36). But being unable to continue his researches in the provinces, he resigned the See also:chair of See also:zoology to which he had been appointed, and in 1839 settled in See also:Paris, where he found in H. Milne-See also:- EDWARDS, AMELIA ANN BLANDFORD (1831-1892)
- EDWARDS, BELA BATES (18o2-1852)
- EDWARDS, BRYAN (1743–1800)
- EDWARDS, GEORGE (1693–1773)
- EDWARDS, HENRY THOMAS (1837–1884)
- EDWARDS, JONATHAN (1703—1758)
- EDWARDS, LEWIS (1806–1887 )
- EDWARDS, RICHARD (c. 1523–1566)
- EDWARDS, T
- EDWARDS, THOMAS CHARLES (1837–1900)
Edwards a See also:patron and a friend. Elected See also:professor of natural See also:history at the Lycee See also:Napoleon in 185o, he became a member of the See also:Academy of Sciences in 1852, and in 1855 was called to the chair of See also:anthropology and ethnography at the Musee d'histoire naturelle. Other distinctions followed rapidly, and continued to the end of his otherwise uneventful career, the more important being honorary member of the Royal Society of See also:London (See also:June 1879), member of the See also:Institute and of the Academie de medecine, and
See also:commander of the See also:Legion of See also:Honour (1881). He died in
Paris on the 12th of See also:January 1892. He was an accurate
observer and unwearied See also:collector of zoological materials, gifted with remarkable descrinlrive See also:power, and possessed of a clear, vigorous See also:style, but c Knewhat deficient in deep philosophic insight. Hence his serious studies on the anatomical characters of the See also:lower and higher organisms, See also:man included, will retain their value, while many of his theories and generalizations, especially in the See also:department of See also:ethnology, are already forgotten.
The See also:work of de Quatrefages ranged over the whole See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field of zoology from the annelids and other See also:low organisms to the anthropoids and man. Of his numerous essays in scientific See also:periodicals, the more important were: Considerations sur les caracteres zoologiques des rongeurs (184o) ; " De I'or anisation des animaux sans vertebres des See also:Cotes de la See also:Manche " (See also:Ann. Sc. Nat., 1844) ; " Recherches sur
le systeme nerveux, 1'embryogenie, les See also:organs des See also:sens, et la circulation des annelides " (Ibid., 1844–50) ; " Sur les affinites et les analogies des lombrics et des sangsues " (Ibid.) ; " Sur 1'histoire naturelle des tarets " (Ibid., 1848–49). Then there is the vast See also:series issued under the See also:general See also:title of " Etudes sur les types inferieurs de 1'embranchement des anneles," and the results of several scientific expeditions to the See also:Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlands, See also:Italy and See also:Sicily, forming a series of articles in the Revue des deux mondes, or embodied in the Souvenirs d'un natural-isle (2 vols., 1854). These were followed in See also:quick See also:succession by the Physiologie comparee, metamorphoses de l'homme et des animaux (1862); Les Polynesiens et leurs migrations (1866); Histoire naturelle des anneles marins et de l'eau See also:douce (2 vols., 1866) ; La Rochelle et ses environs (1866); Rapport sur les progres de l'anthropologie (1867); Ch. See also:Darwin et ses precurseurs See also:francais (187o), a study of See also:evolution in which the writer takes somewhat the same attitude as A. R. See also:Wallace, combating the Darwinian See also:doctrine in its application to man; La See also:Race prussienne (1871); Crania Ethnica, jointly with Dr Hamy (2 vols., with 100 plates, 1875–82), a classical work based on French and See also:foreign anthropological data, analogous to the Crania Britannica of Thurnam and See also:Davis, and to S. G. See also:Morton's Crania Americana and Crania Aegyptiaca; L'Espece humaine (1877); Nouvelles Etudes sur la See also:distribution geographique des See also:negritos (1882); Hommes fossiles et hommes sauvages (1884); and Histoire generale des races humaines (2 vols., 1886–89), the first See also:volume being See also:introductory, while the second attempts a See also:complete See also:classification of mankind.
End of Article: QUATREFAGES DE BREAU, JEAN LOUIS ARMAND DE (1810-1892)
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