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Sarawak is formed by the Serang, Kelingkang and Batang Lupar ranges of mountains. The inland or eastern boundary is formed by the broken range of mountains which constitutes the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

WATERSHED

watershed of the island. Of these the highest peaks are: See also:

BATU

Batu Puteh (5400 ft.), Tebang (IO,000 ft.), Batu Bulan (7000 ft.), Ubat Siko (4900 ft.), See also:

Bela Lawing (7000 ft.) and Batu Leihun (6000 ft.), from which the Rejang and Baram rivers, on the Sarawak See also:

side, and the Koti and Balungun rivers, on the Dutch side, take their rise. See also:

North of Sarawak is the Pamabo See also:

mountain range (8000 ft.),whence flow the rivers Limbang and Trusan, and the mountains Batu Lawei (8000 lt.) and Lawas (6000 ft.). The interior is mountainous, the greatest elevations being See also:

MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount Mulu (9000 ft.), of See also:

LIMESTONE

limestone formation, Batu Lawei (8000 ft.), Pamabo (8000 ft.), Kalulong, Dulit, Poeh and Penrisam. The Rejang is the largest See also:

RIVER

river, the Baram ranking second, the Batang Lupar third and the Limbang See also:

FOURTH

fourth.

The Rejang is navigable for small steamers for about 16o m., the Baram for about See also:

LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo m., but there is a formidable See also:

bar at the mouth of the Baram. The See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief town of Sarawak, Kuching, with a See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of about 30,000, is situated on the Sarawak river 20 M. from its mouth, and can be reached by steamers of a thousand tons. The See also:

FAUNA

fauna is rich. The most important mammals are the maias, or orang utan, the See also:

gibbon, the See also:

PROBOSCIS

proboscis, semnopithecus and macacus monkeys; lemurs, See also:

CATS, JACOB (1577-1660)

cats, otters, bears, porcupines, See also:

WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild pigs, wild See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle, See also:

deer and See also:

PANGOLIN

pangolin. Bats, shrews, rats and squirrels are included among the smaller mammals, while sharks, porpoises and dugongs are found along the coast. Of birds, Sarawak has over five See also:

HUNDRED

hundred See also:

SPECIES

species; See also:

fish and See also:

REPTILES (Lat. Reptilia, creeping things, from reptilis; ref ere, to creep; Gr. Ep7rety, whence the term " herpetology," for the science dealing with them)

reptiles are abundant; the See also:

JUNGLE (Sans. jangala)

jungle swarms with See also:

INSECT

insect See also:

LIFE

life, and is rich in many varieties of See also:

FERN (from O. Eng. fearn, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch varen, and Ger. Farn; the Indo-European root, seen in the Sanskrit parna, a feather, shows the primary meaning; cf. Gr. rmep6 , feather, rTepis, fern)

fern and orchid. The See also:

MINERAL

mineral See also:

WEALTH

wealth gives promise of considerable development. The See also:

BORNEO

Borneo See also:

COMPANY

Company for some years have successfully worked See also:

gold from the See also:

QUARTZ

quartz reefs at See also:

Ban, on the Sarawak river, by the See also:

CYANIDE

cyanide See also:

PROCESS

process, as well as See also:

ANTIMONY (symbol Sb, atomic weight 120.2)

antimony and See also:

CINNABAR (Ger. Zinnober)

cinnabar. Antimony occurs in pockets in various localities, notably at Sariki, in the Rejang See also:

DISTRICT

district, and at Burok Buang and Telapak, in the Baram district and in the river Atun. Cinnabar has also been found in small quantities at See also:

Long Liman and in the streams about the See also:

BASE

base of Mount Mulu. Sapphires of See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good quality, but too small to be of commercial value, are found in large See also:

numbers in the mountain streams of the interior. See also:

COAL

Coal is worked at Sadong and Brooketon, and shipped to See also:

SINGAPORE (Malay, Singapiira, i.e. " The City of the Lion")

Singapore.

The See also:

GREAT

great coal-See also:

field of Selantik, along the Kelingkang range in the Batang Lupar district, is being See also:

DEVELOPED

developed. Indications of coal seams have also been found in the river Mukah; at Pelagus in the Rejang; at Similajau and Tutau and on Mount Dulit, in the Baram district. See also:

TIMBER

Timber is one of the most valuable products, but with the exception of bilian (See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron See also:

wood) from the river Rejang, little is exported. The most important timbers are bilian, merebo, rasak, kruin, tapang, kranji, benaga, bintangor, gerunggang, medang, meranti and kapor. Except near the See also:

banks of the rivers, which have been cleared by the natives for farming purposes, the whole See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country is thickly clothed with timber. The See also:

INDUSTRIAL

industrial establishments also comprise See also:

SAGO

sago-See also:

mills, See also:

BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick-See also:

WORKS

works, cyanide-works and saw-mills. In 1904 the See also:

TOTAL

total See also:

trade of Sarawak (See also:

FOREIGN

Foreign and Coastwise) reached a value of $16,466,241 as compared with $4,564,200 in 1890. The remarkable increase in trade is shown by the following table: 9O. I904. Gold . . $84,370 $1,819,200 See also:

Pepper . . 125,442 2,611,478 Sago See also:

FLOUR

flour .

?5,026 830,319 See also:

RUBBER, INDIARUBBER

Rubber 35,181 351,735 See also:

GUTTA (Latin for " drop ")

Gutta . . 78,829 637,348 See also:

Gambier 20,060 173,500 The See also:

revenue increased from $457,596 in 1894 to $1,321,879 in 1904; and the See also:

EXPENDITURE

expenditure increased in the same See also:

period from $486,533 to $1,225,384. The Public See also:

DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

Debt of Sarawak on the 1st of See also:

JANUARY

January 1905 was $25,000. The population of the See also:

state, in addition to a small number of Europeans, See also:

government officials and others, a few natives of See also:

BRITISH

British See also:

India, and a large number of See also:

CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese traders and pepper planters, consists of semi-civilized See also:

MALAYS

Malays in the towns and villages of the coast districts and of a number of wild tribes of See also:

INDONESIAN

Indonesian See also:

AFFINITIES

affinities in the interior. Of these the most important are the See also:

DYAKS, or DAYAKS

Dyaks, Milanaus, Kayans, Kenyahs, Kadayans and Muruts. No See also:

CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census has ever been taken. " Without the See also:

CHINA

China-See also:

man," said the See also:

RAJA

Raja (See also:

PALL

Pall Mall See also:

GAZETTE

Gazette, 19th See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1883), " we could do nothing. When not allowed to See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form See also:

SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret See also:

SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies he is easily governed, and this he is forbidden to do on See also:

pain of See also:

DEATH

death." The Milanaus, who live in the See also:

NORTHERN

northern districts, have adopted the See also:

MALAY

Malay-See also:

DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress, and in many cases have become Mahommedans; they are a contented and laborious See also:

PEOPLE

people. See also:

SLAVERY

Slavery has been abolished, except among certain of the inlan tribes among whom it still obtains in a very mild form: Visayan.

End of Article: SARAVIA

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