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TRONDHJEM, or THRONDHJEM (sometimes w...

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 305 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TRONDHJEM, or THRONDHJEM (sometimes written in the See also:German See also:form Drontheim) , a See also:city and seaport of See also:Norway, See also:chief See also:town of the stift (See also:diocese) of Trondhjem and the amt (See also:county) of See also:South Trondhjem, 384 M. by See also:rail N. of See also:Christiania. Pop. (1900), 38,156. It lies on the south See also:side of the broad Trondhjem See also:Fjord on a See also:low See also:peninsula between the fjord and the See also:River Nid, its situation, though picturesque, lacking the See also:peculiar beauty of that of Christiania or See also:Bergen. The See also:latitude is ,63° 26' N., that of See also:southern See also:Iceland. In front of the town is the islet of Munkholm, formerly a monastery and now a fortress; on the high ground to the See also:east is the small stronghold of Christiansten. The houses are principally of See also:wood, and the streets are wide, as a precaution against the spreading of See also:fire. The See also:principal See also:building is the See also:cathedral, See also:standing finely on a slightly elevated open site, and dating in See also:part from the See also:close of the 11th See also:century, but chiefly belonging to the x2th and 13th centuries (c. 1161-1248). Its extreme length is 325 ft. and its extreme breadth 124 ft.; but in the 14th, 15th and 17th centuries it suffered greatly from repeated fires, and after the last of these the See also:nave was completely abandoned and soon became a heap of ruins. The whole building, however, had been extensively and judiciously restored, and is the finest See also:church in Norway and the See also:scene of the See also:coronation of the See also:Norwegian sovereigns. It is cruciform, with a central See also:tower, and has an eastern octagon which may have been copied from the See also:corona of See also:Canterbury Cathedral, as Eystein, See also:archbishop of Trondhjem (116o–1188) and an active builder, was in See also:England during his episcopate.

The cathedral contains See also:

rich See also:work in See also:Norman See also:style, and also much that is comparable with the best See also:Early See also:English. In the museums at Trondhjem there are interesting zoological and antiquarian collections, also exhibits illustrative of the See also:fisheries and other See also:industries. The See also:port, which has See also:regular communication with all the Norwegian See also:coast towns—See also:Hull, See also:Newcastle, See also:Hamburg, &c.—carries on an extensive See also:trade in See also:timber, oil, See also:fish, See also:copper, &c. The industries include See also:shipbuilding, saw-milling, wood-pulp and fish-curing See also:works and See also:machine shops. Imports (See also:coal, See also:grain, See also:salt, machinery, &c.) come chiefly from See also:Great See also:Britain. A considerable portion of the exports pass into See also:Sweden by the Meraker railway. Trondhjem, originally Nidaros, was founded by See also:Olaf Tryggvason, who built a royal See also:residence and a church here in 996. It was made an archbishopric in 1152. The city attained its highest development about the latter See also:half of the 13th century, by which See also:time it had become an important See also:pilgrimage centre and had as many as fifteen churches. It sustained frequent sieges, as well as devastating conflagrations. Its importance declined about the time of the See also:Reformation when it ceased to be a resort of pilgrims.

End of Article: TRONDHJEM, or THRONDHJEM (sometimes written in the German form Drontheim)

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