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ZINDER

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 985 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ZINDER , a See also:

town on the See also:northern margin of the central See also:Sudan. Zinder is a See also:great See also:emporium of the See also:trade across the See also:Sahara between the See also:Hausa states of the See also:south and the See also:Tuareg countries and See also:Tripoli in the See also:north. Its ruler was formerly subordinate to See also:Bornu, but with the decline of that See also:kingdom shook off the yoke of the See also:sultan, and on the See also:conquest of that See also:country by Rabah (q.v.) seems to have maintained his See also:independence. The country of which Zinder is the See also:capital is known as Damerghu. It is semi-fertile, and supports considerable See also:numbers of horses and See also:sheep, besides troops of camels. By the Anglo-See also:French agreement of See also:June 1898 it was included in the French See also:sphere, having already been the See also:object of French See also:political See also:action. The explorer Cazemajou was assassinated there in 1897, but the town was occupied in See also:July 1899, after a slight resistance, by See also:Lieutenant Pallier of the reconstructed Voulet-Chanoine See also:mission (see See also:SENEGAL, country). A French See also:post (named Fort Cazemajou) was built outside the town on a See also:mound of huge See also:granite blocks. Zinder was the first point in the Sudan reached by F. Foureau after his great See also:journey across the Sahara via See also:Air in 1899. Subsequently Commandant Gadel, from his See also:head-quarters at Zinder, mapped and pacified the surrounding region, and sent out columns of meharistes (See also:camel-See also:corps) which occupied the See also:oasis of Air and See also:Bilma in 1906. Zinder is a large and See also:fine town surrounded with high earthen walls, very thick at the See also:base and pierced with seven See also:gates.

Its houses, in See also:

part built of See also:clay, in part of See also:straw, are interspersed with trees. There is an important See also:colony of Tuareg merchants, who occupy the suburb of Zengu, and who See also:deal in a variety of wares, from See also:cotton, silks, spices, See also:ostrich feathers, &c., to French See also:scent bottles. See also:Salt is a great See also:article of merchandise. A busy See also:market is held outside one of the gates. Administratively Damerghu is dependent on the French colony of Upper Senegal and See also:Niger. See Cazemajou, in Bul. See also:Corn. de l'Afrique Francaise (1900) ; F. Foureau, in La Geographie (See also:December 1900), D'See also:Alger an See also:Congo See also:par le Tchad (See also:Paris, 1902); Joalland, in La Geographic, vol. iii. (1901) ; E. See also:Arnaud and M. Cortier, Nos Confins.Sahariens (Paris, 1908) ; C. See also:Jean, See also:Les Touarag du Sud-Est (Paris, 1909).

End of Article: ZINDER

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ZINGERLE, IGNAZ VICENZ (1825-1892)

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