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AMANA

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 780 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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AMANA , a township. in See also:

IOWA

Iowa See also:

COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, Iowa, U.S.A., 19 M. S.W. (by See also:

RAIL

rail) of See also:

CEDAR (Lat. cedrus, Gr. iapos)

Cedar Rapids. Pop. (1900) 1748; (1910) 1729. It is served by the See also:

Chicago, See also:

MILWAUKEE

Milwaukee & St See also:

Paul, and the Chicago, See also:

Rock See also:

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island & Pacific See also:

RAILWAYS

railways. The See also:

TOWN

town-See also:

SHIP

ship is the See also:

home of a See also:

German religious communistic society, the Amana Society; formerly the True See also:

INSPIRATION (Lat. inspirare, breathe upon or into)

Inspiration Society (so called from its belief in the See also:

PRESENT

present inspiration of the truly godly and perfectly pious), whose members live in various villages near the Iowa See also:

RIVER

river. These villages are named Amana, See also:

West Amana, See also:

South Amana, See also:

East Amana, See also:

MIDDLE

Middle Arnana, High Amana and See also:

HOMESTEAD

Homestead. The houses are of See also:

BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick or unpainted See also:

wood. The society has in all 26,000 acres of See also:

LAND

land, of which about 10,000 acres are covered with forests. The See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal occupation of the members is farming, although they also have woollen See also:

mills (their woollens being of See also:

SUPERIOR

superior quality), a See also:

cotton See also:

PRINT

print factory, See also:

FLOUR

flour mills, saw mills and dye shops. Each See also:

FAN (Lat. vannus; Fr. eventail)

fan ily has its own dwelling-See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place and a small See also:

GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden; each member of a See also:

FAMILY

family has an See also:

ANNUAL

annual See also:

ALLOWANCE (from "allow,' derived through 0. Fr. alouer from the two Lat. origins adlaudare, to praise, and allocare, to assign a place; so that the English word combined the general idea of "assigning with approval")

allowance. of See also:

CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit at the See also:

COMMON

common See also:

STORE (from O. Fr. estor or estoire, Late Lat. staurum or instaurum, stock, provisions, supply, from the late use of instaurare, to provide, properly to construct, renew, restore)

store and a See also:

ROOM

room in the dwelling-See also:

house ; and each See also:

GROUP

group of families has a large garden, a common See also:

KITCHEN (O.E. cycene; this and other cognate forms, such as Dutch keuken, Ger. Kiuche, Dan. kokken, Fr. cuisine, are formed from the Low Lat. cucina, Lat. coquina, coquere, to cook)

kitchen and a common dining-See also:

hall where men and See also:

WOMEN

women eat at See also:

SEPARATE

separate tables.

Between the ages of five and fourteen See also:

EDUCATION

education is compulsory for the entire See also:

YEAR

year. In the See also:

SCHOOLS

schools nature study and See also:

MANUAL

manual training are prominent; German is . used throughout and See also:

ENGLISH

English is taught in upper classes only. No See also:

man is permitted to marry until twenty-four years of See also:

AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, and no woman until twenty. The society's views and practices are nearly related to the teachings of See also:

SCHWENKFELD, KASPAR (149o-1561)

Schwenkfeld and See also:

BOEHME (or BEHMEN), JAKOB (1575-1624)

Boehme. See also:

BAPTISM

Baptism is not practised; the. See also:

Lord's Supper is celebrated only once in two years; See also:

FOOT

foot-washing is held as a See also:

SACRAMENT

sacrament. At an annual spiritual examination of the members, there are mutual criticisms and public confessions of See also:

sin. The Inspirationists are opposed to See also:

war and to taking of oaths. The Society became attached to the Separatist See also:

LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader, See also:

Eberhard See also:

Ludwig See also:

GRUBER, JOHANN GOTTFRIED (1774-1851)

Gruber (d. 1728) in Wetterau in 1714; in 1842–1844 about 600 members, led by See also:

Christian See also:

METZ

Metz, the " divine See also:

INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument of the Society, emigrated from See also:

Germany to the See also:

UNITED

United States and settled in a See also:

COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony called Ebenezer, in See also:

ERIE

Erie county, near See also:

BUFFALO

Buffalo, N.Y.; in 1855 the colony began to remove to its present home, which it named from the See also:

mountain mentioned in the See also:

SONG

Song of See also:

Solomon, iv. 8, the See also:

HEBREW

Hebrew word meaning " remain true (or, more probably, "fixed "), and in 1859 it was incorporated under the name of the Amana Society. Metz died in 1864 and was succeeded by See also:

BARBARA, SAINT

Barbara Landmann, since whose See also:

DEATH

death in 1884 the community has lacked an inspired" leader.

Amana was the strongest in See also:

numbers of the few sectarian communities in See also:

AMERICA

America which outlived the loth See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century. A few new members have joined the community from See also:

SWITZERLAND

Switzerland and Germany in See also:

RECENT

recent years. In 1905 the community won a suit brought against it for its See also:

DISSOLUTION (from Lat. dissolvere, to break up into parts)

dissolution on the ground that, having been incorporated solely as a benevolent and religious See also:

BODY

body, it was illegally carrying on a See also:

general business. See W. R. See also:

Perkins and B. L. See also:

WICK

Wick, See also:

HISTORY

History of the Amana Society or Community of True Inspiration, See also:

HISTORICAL

Historical Monograph, No. 1, in See also:

State University of Iowa publications (Iowa See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City, 1891); R. T. See also:

Ely, Amana: A Study of Religious See also:

COMMUNISM

Communism," in Harper's See also:

MAGAZINE

Magazine for See also:

OCTOBER

October 1902; and Bertha M. H.

Shambaugh, Amana, the Community of.True Inspiration (Iowa City, 1908).

End of Article: AMANA

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