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See also:BIGNON, See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
LOUIS See also:PIERRE EDOUARD, See also:BARON (1771–1841) , See also:French diplomatist and historian, See also:born on the 3rd of See also:January 1771, was the son of a See also:dyer at See also:Rouen. Though he had received a See also:good See also:education, he served throughout the See also:early See also:part of the revolutionary See also:wars without rising above the See also:rank of private. In 1797, however, the See also:attention of Talleyrand, then See also:minister of See also:foreign affairs, was called to his exceptional abilities by See also:General
See also:Huet, and he was attached to the See also:diplomatic service. After serving in the legations in See also:Switzerland and the Cisalpine re-public, he was appointed in 1799 attache to the French See also:legation at See also:Berlin, of which three years later he became See also:charge d'affaires. As minister-plenipotentiary at See also:Cassel, between the years 1804 and 18o6, he took a prominent See also:share in the formation of the See also:confederation of the See also:Rhine; and after the See also:battle of See also:Jena he returned to See also:Prussia as See also:administrator of the public domains and finances. He filled a similar See also:function in See also:Austria after the battle of See also:Wagram. At the end of 1810 he became French See also:resident at See also:Warsaw and was for a couple of years supreme in the affairs of the See also:grand duchy.
The preparation of a constitution for See also:Poland, on which he was engaged, was, however, interrupted by the events of 1812. Bignon, after a See also:short imprisonment at the hands of the See also:allies, returned to See also:France in See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time to See also:witness the downfall of See also:Napoleon. During the See also:Hundred Days he once more entered Napoleon's service, and, after See also:Waterloo, as minister of foreign affairs under the executive See also:commission, it was he who signed the See also:convention of the 3rd of See also:July 1815, by which See also:Paris was handed over to the allies. Bignon did not re-enter public See also:life until 1817, when he was elected to the chamber of deputies, in which he sat until 183o, consistent in his opposition to the reactionary policy of successive governments. His See also:great reputation and his diplomatic experience gave a See also:special See also:weight to the attacks which he published on the policy of the See also:continental allies, two of his See also:works attracting special attention, Du Congres de See also:Troppau ou Examen See also:des pretentions des monarchies absolues a regard de la monarchic constitutionelle de See also:Naples (Paris, 1821), and See also:Les Cabinets et les peuples depuis 1815 jusqu'd la fin de 1822 (Paris, 1822).
The revolution of 183o, which brought his party into See also:power, only led to a very temporary resumption of See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office by Bignon. He was for a few See also:weeks minister of foreign affairs in the first See also:government of Louis Philippe, and again for a few weeks minister of public instruction. But the See also:idea of making him responsible for the foreign policy of France could not be realized owing to the See also:necessity under which Louis Philippe See also:lay of courting the good-will of the See also:powers, whom Bignon had offended by his outspoken writings. Elected See also:deputy in 1831 and member of the chamber of peers in 1839, he withdrew for the most part from politics, to, devote himself to his great See also:work, the Histoire de France sous Napoleon (lo vols. 1829–1838, then 4 See also:posthumous vols., 1847–185o). This See also:history, while suffering from the limitations of all contemporaneous narratives, contains much that does not exist elsewhere, and is one of the best-known See also:sources for the later histories of Napoleon's reign.
See See also:Mignet, See also:Notice historique sur la See also:vie et les ouvrages de M. Bignon (1848).
End of Article: BIGNON, LOUIS PIERRE EDOUARD, BARON (1771–1841)
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