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See also:TROPPAU, See also:CONGRESS OF , a See also:conference of the allied sovereigns or their representatives to discuss a concerted policy with regard to the questions raised by the revolution in See also:Naples of See also:July 182o. At this congress, which met on the loth of October182o, the See also:emperor See also:Alexander I. of See also:Russia and See also:Francis I. of See also:Austria were See also:present in See also:person; See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:Frederick See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William III. of See also:Prussia was represented by the See also:crown See also:prince (afterwards Frederick William IV.). The three eastern See also:powers were further represented by the ministers responsible for their See also:foreign policy: Austria by Prince Metternich, Russia by See also:Count See also:Capo d'See also:Istria, Prussia by Prince -Iardenberg. See also:Great See also:Britain, on the other See also:hand, which objected on principle to the suggested concerted See also:action against the Neapolitan Liberals, sent no plenipotentiary, but was represented by See also:Lord See also:- STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
- STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
- STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
- STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
- STEWART, J
- STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
- STEWART, JULIUS L
- STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
- STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
- STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
- STEWART, STUART
- STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)
Stewart, See also:ambassador in See also:Vienna. See also:France, too, though her policy was less clearly defined, had given no plenary powers to her representatives. Thus from the very first was emphasized that See also:division within the See also:concert of the powers which the outcome of the congress was to make patent.
The characteristic See also:note of this congress was its intimate and informal nature; the determining fact at the outset was Metternich's See also:discovery that he had no longer anything to fear from the " Jacobinism " of the emperor Alexander. In a three See also:hours' conversation over a See also:cup of See also:tea at the little See also:inn he had heard the See also:tsar's See also:confession and promise of See also:amendment: " Aujourd'hui je deplore tout ce que j'ai dit et fait entre See also:les annees 1814 et 1818 . . . Dites-moi ce que See also:vous voulez de moi. Je le ferai " (Metternich to Esterhazy, Oct. 24, 1820, F. O. Austria Dona. Sep.-Dec. See also:Mao). His failure to convert Castlereagh to his views was now of secondary importance; the " See also:free " powers being in See also:accord, it was safe to ignore the opinions of Great Britain and France, whose governments, what-ever their See also:goodwill, were fettered by constitutional forms.
In a See also:series of conferences—to which the representatives of Great Britain and France were not admitted, on the excuse that they were only empowered to " See also:report," not to " decide "—was See also:drawn up the famous preliminary See also:protocol signed by Austria, Russia and Prussia on the 19th of See also:November. The See also:main pronouncement of the "Troppau Protocol " is as follows: " States, which have undergone a See also:change of See also:government due to revolution, the result of which threaten other states, ipso facto cease to be members of the See also:European. See also:Alliance, and remain excluded from it until their situation gives guarantees for legal See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order and stability. If, owing to such alterations, immediate danger threatens other states the powers bind themselves, by peaceful means, or if need be, by arms, to bring back the guilty See also:state into the bosom of the Great Alliance."
No effort was made by the powers to give immediate effect to the principles enunciated in the protocol; and after its promulgation the conferences were adjourned, it being decided to resume them at See also:Laibach in the following See also:January
(see LAIBACH).
For authorities see the bibliography to ch. i. " The Congresses," by W. See also:Alison See also:Phillips, in the See also:Cambridge Mod. Hist. x. 787.
End of Article: TROPPAU, CONGRESS OF
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