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CURZON OF KEDLESTON, GEORGE NATHANIEL...

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 665 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CURZON OF KEDLESTON, See also:

GEORGE NATHANIEL, 1ST See also:BARON (1859– ) , See also:English statesman, eldest son of the 4th baron Scarsdale, See also:rector of Kedleston, See also:Derbyshire, was See also:born on the 11th of See also:January 1859, and was educated at See also:Eton and Balliol See also:College, See also:Oxford. At Oxford he was See also:president of the See also:Union, and after a brilliant university career was elected a See also:fellow of All Souls College in 1883. He became assistant private secretary to See also:Lord See also:Salisbury in 1885, and in 1886 entered See also:parliament as member for the See also:Southport See also:division of S.W. See also:Lancashire. He was appointed under secretary for See also:India in 1891–1892 and for See also:foreign affairs in 1895–1898. In the meantime he had travelled in Central See also:Asia, See also:Persia, See also:Afghanistan, the See also:Pamirs, See also:Siam, Indo-See also:China and See also:Korea, and published several books describing central and eastern Asia and the See also:political problems connected with those regions. In 1895 he married See also:Mary See also:Victoria Leiter (d. 1906), daughter of a See also:Chicago millionaire. In January 1899 he was appointed See also:governor-See also:general of India, where his extensive knowledge of See also:Asiatic affairs showed itself in the inception of a strong foreign policy, while he took in See also:hand the reform of every See also:department of See also:Indian See also:administration. He was created an Irish peer on his See also:appointment, the creation taking this See also:form, it was understood, in See also:order that he might remain See also:free during his See also:father's lifetime to re-enter the See also:House of See also:Commons. Reaching India shortly after the suppression of the frontier risings of 1897–98, he paid See also:special See also:attention to the See also:independent tribes of the See also:north-See also:west frontier, inaugurated a new See also:province called the North West Frontier Province, and carried out a policy of conciliation mingled with firmness of See also:control. The only trouble on this frontier during the See also:period of his administration was the Mahsud Waziri See also:campaign of 1901.

Being mistrustful of See also:

Russian methods he exerted himself to encourage See also:British See also:trade in Persia, paying a visit to the See also:Persian Gulf in 1903; while on the north-See also:east frontier he anticipated a possible Russian advance by the See also:Tibet See also:Mission of 1903, which rendered necessary the employment of military force for the See also:protection of the British envoys. The mission, which had the ostensible support of China as suzerain of Tibet, penetrated to See also:Lhasa, where a treaty was signed in See also:September 1904. In pursuance of his reforming policy Lotd Curzon appointed a number of commissions to inquire into Indian See also:education, See also:irrigation, See also:police and other branches of administration, on whosereports legislation was based during his second See also:term of See also:office as See also:viceroy. With a view to improving British relations with the native chiefs and raising the See also:character of their See also:rule, he established the Imperial See also:Cadet See also:corps, settled the question of See also:Berar with the See also:nizam of See also:Hyderabad, reduced the See also:salt tax, and gave See also:relief to the smaller income-tax payers. Lord Curzon exhibited much . See also:interest in the See also:art and antiquities of India, and during his viceroyalty took steps for the preservation and restoration of many important monuments and buildings of historic interest. In January 1903 he presided at the See also:durbar held at See also:Delhi in See also:honour of the See also:coronation of See also:King See also:Edward VII. It was attended by all the leading native princes and by large See also:numbers of visitors from See also:Europe and See also:America; and the magnificence of the spectacle surpassed anything that had previously been witnessed even in the gorgeous ceremonial of the East. On the expiration of his first term of office, Lord Curzon was reappointed governor-general. His second term of office was marked by the passing of several acts founded on the recommendations of his previous commissions, and by the See also:partition of See also:Bengal (1905), which roused See also:bitter opposition amongst the natives of that province. A difference of See also:opinion with the See also:commander-in-See also:chief, Lord See also:Kitchener, regarding the position of the military member of See also:council in India, led to a controversy in which Lord Curzon failed to obtain support from the See also:home See also:government. He resigned (1904) and returned to See also:England. In 1904 he was appointed lord See also:warden of the Cinque Ports; in the same See also:year he was given the honorary degree of D.C.L. by Oxford University, and in 1908 he was elected See also:chancellor of the university.

In the latter year he was elected a representative peer for See also:

Ireland, and thus relinquished any See also:idea of returning to the House of Commons. In 1909–1910 he took an active See also:part in defending the House of Lords against the Liberals. Lord Curzon's publications include See also:Russia in Central Asia (1889); Persia and the Persian Question (1892); Problems of the Far East (1894; new ed., 1896). See Caldwell Lipsett, Lord Curzon in India, 1898–I9o3 (1906) ; and C. J. O'Donnell, The Failure of Lord Curzon (1903).

End of Article: CURZON OF KEDLESTON, GEORGE NATHANIEL, 1ST BARON (1859– )

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