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FAIR OAKS

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 133 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FAIR OAKS , a station on a See also:branch of the See also:Southern railway, 6 m. E. of See also:Richmond, See also:Virginia, U.S.A. It is noted as the site of one of the battles of the See also:Civil See also:War, fought on the 31st of May and the 1st of See also:June 1862, between the See also:Union (See also:Army of the See also:Potomac) under See also:General G. B. McClellan and the Confederate forces (Army of See also:Northern Virginia) commanded by General J. E. See also:Johnston. The attack of the Confederates was made at a moment when the See also:river See also:Chickahominy divided the Federal army into two unequal parts, and was, moreover, swollen to such a degree as to endanger the See also:bridges. General Johnston stationed See also:part of his troops along the river to prevent the Federals sending aid to the smaller force See also:south of it, upon which the See also:Con-federate attack, commanded by General See also:Longstreet, was directed. Many accidents, due to the inexperience of the See also:staff See also:officers and to the difficulty of the ground, hindered the development of Longstreet's attack, but the Federals were gradually driven back with a loss of ten guns, though at the last moment reinforcements managed to See also:cross the river and re-establish the See also:line of See also:defence. At the See also:close of the See also:day Johnston was severely wounded, and General G. W.

See also:

Smith succeeded to the command. The See also:battle was renewed on the 1st of June but not fought out. At the close of the See also:action General R. E. See also:Lee took over the command of the Confederates, which he held till the final surrender in See also:April 1865. So far as the victory See also:lay with either'See also:side, it was with the Union army, for the Confederates failed to achieve their purpose of destroying the almost isolated See also:left wing of McClellan's army, and after the battle they withdrew into the lines of Richmond. The Union losses were 5031 in killed, wounded and missing; those of the Confederates were 6134. The battle is sometimes known as the battle of Seven Pines.

End of Article: FAIR OAKS

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FAIRBAIRN, ANDREW MARTIN (1838- )

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