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See also:FAURIEL, See also:CLAUDE See also:CHARLES (1772-1844) , See also:French historian, philologist and critic, was See also:born at St See also:Etienne on the 21st of See also:October 1772. Though the son of a poor joiner, he received a See also:good See also:education in the Oratorian colleges of See also:Tournon and See also:Lyons. He was twice in the army—at See also:Perpignan in 1793, and in 1796–1797 at See also:Briancon, as private secretary to See also:General J. See also:Servan de Gerbey (1741–1808); but he preferred the See also:civil service and the companionship of his See also:friends and his books. In 1794 he returned to St Etienne, where, but only for a See also:short See also:period, he filled a municipal See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office; and from 1797 to 1799 he devoted himself to strenuous study, more especially of the literature and See also:history, both See also:ancient and See also:modern, of See also:Greece and See also:Italy. Having paid a visit to See also:Paris in 1799, he was introduced to See also:Fouche, See also:minister of See also:police, who induced him to become his private secretary. Though he discharged the duties of this office to Fouche's See also:satisfaction, his strength was overtasked by his continued application to study, and he found it necessary in 18or to recruit his .See also:health by a three months' trip in the See also:south. In resigning his office in the following See also:year he was actuated as much by these considerations as by the scruples he put forward in serving longer under See also:Napoleon, when the latter, in violation of strict republican principles, became See also:consul for See also:life. This is clearly shown by the fragments of See also:Memoirs discovered by Ludovic Lalanne and published in 1886.
Some articles which Fauriel published in the See also:Decade philosophique (1800) on a See also:work of Madame de See also:Stael's—De la See also:litter ature consideree dans ses rapports avec See also:les institutions sociales—led to an intimate friendship with her. About 1802 he contracted with Madame de See also:Condorcet a liaison which lasted till her See also:death (1822). It was said of him at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time that he gave up all his energies to love, friendship and learning. The See also:salon of Mme de Condorcet was throughout the Consulate and the first See also:Empire a rallying point for the dissentient republicans. Fauriel was introduced by Madame de Stael to the See also:literary circle of Auteuil, which gathered See also:round Destutt de See also:Tracy. Those who enjoyed his closest intimacy were the physiologist See also:Cabanis (Madame de Condorcet's See also:brother-in-See also:law), the poet See also:Manzoni, the publicist See also:Benjamin See also:Constant, and See also:Guizot. Later Tracy introduced to him Aug. See also:Thierry (1821) and perhaps See also:Thiers and See also:Mignet. During his connexion with Auteuil, Fauriel's See also:attention was naturally turned to See also:philosophy, and for some years he was engaged on a history of Stoicism, which was never completed, all the papers connected with it having accidentally perished in 1814. He also studied Arabic, See also:Sanskrit and the old South French dialects. He published in 1810 a See also:translation of the Parthenais of the Danish poet See also:Baggesen, with a See also:preface on the various kinds of See also:poetry; in 1823 See also:translations of two tragedies of Manzoni, with a preface " Sur la theorie de''See also:art dramalique "; and in 1824–1825 his translation of the popular songs of modern Greece, with a " Discours prelimina.ire " on popular poetry.
The Revolution of See also:July, which put his friends in See also:power, opened to him the career of higher education. In 1830 he became See also:professor of See also:foreign literature at the See also:Sorbonne. The Histoire de la Gaule meridionale sons la domination See also:des conquerants germains (4 vols., 1836) was the only completed See also:section of a general history of See also:southern See also:Gaul which he had projected. In 1836 he was elected a member of the See also:Academy of See also:Inscriptions, and in 1837 he published (with an introduction the conclusions of which would not now all be endorsed) a translation of a Provencal poem on the Albigensian See also:war. He died on the 15th of July 1844. After his death his friend See also:Mary See also:- CLARKE, ADAM (1762?—1832)
- CLARKE, CHARLES COWDEN (1787-1877)
- CLARKE, EDWARD DANIEL (1769–1822)
- CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN (1810–1888)
- CLARKE, JOHN SLEEPER (1833–1899)
- CLARKE, MARCUS ANDREW HISLOP (1846–1881)
- CLARKE, MARY ANNE (c.1776–1852)
- CLARKE, SAMUEL (1675–1729)
- CLARKE, SIR ANDREW (1824-1902)
- CLARKE, SIR EDWARD GEORGE (1841– )
- CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS (1866- )
- CLARKE, WILLIAM BRANWHITE (1798-1878)
Clarke (afterwards Madame J. See also:Mohl) published his Histoirc de la litterature provenale (3 vols., 1846)—ais lectures for 1831–1832. Fauriel was biased in this work byhis preconceived and somewhat fanciful theory that See also:Provence was the See also:cradle of the chansons de geste and even of the Round Table romances; but he gave a See also:great stimulus to the scientific study of Old French and Provencal. See also:Dante et les origins de la See also:league et de la litterature italiennes (2 vols.) was published in 1854.
Fauriel's Memoires, found with Condorcet's papers, are in the See also:Institute library. They were written at latest in 1804, and include some interesting fragments on the See also:close of the consulate, See also:Moreau, &c. Though See also:anonymous, Lalanne, who published them (Les Derniers Jours du Consulat, 1886), proved them to be in the same See also:handwriting as a See also:letter of Fauriel's in 1803. The same library has Fauriel's See also:correspondence, catalogued by Ad. See also:Regnier (1900). Benjamin Constant's letters (1802–1823) were published by See also:Victor Glachant in 1906. For Fauriel's correspondence with Guizot see Nouvelle Rev. (Dec. 1, 1901, by V. Glachant), and for his love-letters to See also:Miss Clarke (1822–1844) the Revue des deux mondes (1908–1909) by E. See also:Rod.) See further Sainte-Beuve, Portraits contemporains, ii.; See also:Antoine Guillois, Le salon de Mme Helvetius (1894) and La Marquise de Condorcet (1897) ; O'Meara, Un Salon a Paris: Mme Mehl (undated) ; and J. B. See also:Galley, Claude Fauriel (1909).
End of Article: FAURIEL, CLAUDE CHARLES (1772-1844)
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