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GARNIER, MARIE JOSEPH FRANCOIS [FRANC...

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 472 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GARNIER, See also:MARIE See also:JOSEPH See also:FRANCOIS [See also:FRANCIS] (1839–1873) , See also:French officer and explorer, was See also:born at St See also:Etienne on the 25th of See also:July 1839. He entered the See also:navy, and after voyaging in Brazilian See also:waters and the Pacific he obtained a See also:post on the See also:staff of See also:Admiral Charner, who from 186o to 1862 was campaigning in See also:Cochin-See also:China. After some See also:time spent in See also:France he returned to the See also:East, and in 1862 he was appointed inspector of the natives in Cochin-China, and entrusted with the See also:administration of Cho-lon, a suburb of See also:Saigon. It was at his See also:suggestion that the See also:marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat determined to send a See also:mission to explore the valley of the See also:Mekong, but as Garnier was not considered old enough to be put in command, the See also:chief authority was entrusted to See also:Captain Doudart de Lags-6e. In the course of the expedition—to quote the words of See also:Sir See also:Roderick See also:Murchison addressed to the youthful traveller when, in 187o, he was presented with the See also:Victoria See also:Medal of the Royal See also:Geographical Society of London—from Kratie in See also:Cambodia to See also:Shanghai 5392 M. were traversed, and of these 3625 m., chiefly of See also:country unknown to See also:European See also:geography, were surveyed with care, and the positions fixed by astronomical observations, nearly the whole of the observations being taken by Garnier himself. Volunteering to See also:lead a detachment to Talifu, the See also:capital of See also:Sultan See also:Suleiman, the See also:sovereign of the See also:Mahommedan rebels in Yunnan, he success-fully carried out the more than adventurous enterprise. When shortly afterwards Lagree died, Garnier naturally assumed the command of the expedition, and he conducted it in safety to the Yang-tsze-Kiang, and thus to the See also:Chinese See also:coast. On his return to France he was received with See also:enthusiasm. The preparation of his narrative was interrupted by the Franco-See also:German See also:War, and during the See also:siege of See also:Paris he served as See also:principal staff officer to the admiral in command of the eighth " sector." His experiences during the siege were published anonymously in the See also:feuilleton of Le Temps, and appeared separately as Le Siege de Paris, See also:journal d'un officier de marine (1871). Returning to Cochin-China he found the See also:political circumstances of the country unfavourable to further exploration, and accordingly he went to China, and in 1873 followed the upper course of the Yang-tsze-Kiang to the waterfalls. He was next commissioned by Admiral See also:Dupre, See also:governor of Cochin-China, to found a French See also:protectorate or a new See also:colony in See also:Tongking. On the 20th of See also:November 1873 he took See also:Hanoi, the capital of Tongking, and on the 21st of See also:December he was slain in fight with the See also:Black Flags.

His chief fame rests on the fact that he originated the See also:

idea of exploring the Mekong, and carried out the larger portion of the See also:work. The narrative of the principal expedition appeared in 1873, as Voyage d'exploration en Indo-Chine effectue See also:pendant See also:les annees z866, 2867 et 1868, publie sous la direction de M. Francis Garnier, avec le contours de M. Delaporte et de MM. See also:Joubert et Thorel (2 vols.). An See also:account of the Yang-tsze-Kiang from Garnier's See also:pen is given in the Bulletin de la See also:Soc. de Geog. (1874). His Chronique royale du Cambodje, was reprinted from the Journal Asiatique in 1872. See Ocean Highways (1874) for a memoir by See also:Colonel See also:Yule; and See also:Hugh See also:Clifford, Further See also:India, in the See also:Story of Exploration See also:series (1904).

End of Article: GARNIER, MARIE JOSEPH FRANCOIS [FRANCIS] (1839–1873)

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