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See also:GOOD See also:FRIDAY (probably " See also:God's Friday ") , the See also:English name for the Friday before See also:Easter, kept as the anniversary of the Crucifixion. In the See also:Greek See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church it has been or is known as iraaxa [vravpcov~µov], srapaaKevr7, aapaaKevi7 ,ueyar7 or ayia, awrfp(a or ra awri7Pta, iaipa rob' aravpob', while among the Latins the names of most frequent occurrence are Pascha Crucis, See also:Dies Dominicae Passionis, Parasceve, Feria Sexta Paschae, Feria Sexta See also:Major in Hierusalem, Dies Absolutionis. It was called See also:Long Friday by the Anglo-See also:Saxons' and Danes, possibly in allusion to the length of the services which marked the See also:day. In See also:Germany it is sometimes designated Stiller Freitag (compare Greek, E/3So,uas aapaKror; Latin, hebdomas inqfficiosa, non laboriosa), but more commonly Charfreitag. The See also:etymology of this last name has been much disputed, but there seems now to be little doubt that it is derived from the Old High See also:German chara, meaning suffering or See also:mourning. - -
The origin of the See also:custom of a yearly See also:commemoration of the Crucifixion is somewhat obscure. It may be regarded as certain that among Jewish Christians it almost imperceptibly See also:grew out of the old See also:habit of annually celebrating the See also:Passover on the 14th of Nisan, and of observing the " days of unleavened See also:bread " from the 15th to the 21st of that See also:month. In the See also:Gentile churches, on the other See also:hand, it seems to be well established that originally ,no yearly See also:cycle of festivals was known at all. (See EASTER.)
From its earliest observance, the day was marked by a specially rigorous fast, and also, on the whole, by a tendency to greater simplicity in the services of the church. See also:Prior to the 4th See also:century there is no See also:evidence of non-celebration of the See also:eucharist on Good Friday; but after that date the See also:prohibition of communion
1 See See also:- JOHNSON, ANDREW
- JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
- JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
- JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
- JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
- JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
- JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
- JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
- JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
- JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
- JOHNSON, THOMAS
Johnson's Collection of Ecclesiastical See also:Laws (vol. i., See also:anno 957) : " See also:Housel ought not to be hallowed on Long Friday, because See also:Christ suffered for us on that day."
became See also:common. In See also:Spain, indeed, it became customary to See also:close the churches altogether as a sign of mourning; but this practice was condemned by the See also:council of See also:Toledo (633). In the See also:Roman See also:Catholic Church the Good Friday See also:ritual at See also:present observed is marked by many See also:special features, most of which can be traced back to a date at least prior to the close of the 8th century (see the Ordo See also:Romanus in See also:Muratori's Liturg. Rom. See also:Vet.). The See also:altar and officiating See also:clergy are draped in See also:black, this being the only day on which that See also:colour is permitted. Instead of the See also:epistle, sundry passages from See also:Hosea, See also:Habakkuk, See also:Exodus and the See also:Psalms are read. The See also:gospel for the day consists of the See also:history of the See also:Passion as recorded by St See also:John. This is often sung in See also:plain-chaunt by three priests, one representing the " narrator," the other two the various characters of the See also:story. The singing of this is followed by bidding prayers for the See also:peace and unity of the church, for the See also:pope, the clergy, all ranks and conditions of men, the See also:sovereign, for catechumens, the sick and afflicted, heretics and schismatics, See also:Jews and See also:heathen. Then follows the " See also:adoration of the See also:cross " (a ceremony derived from the church of See also:Jerusalem and said to date back to near the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Helena's " invention of the cross ") ; the See also:hymns Pange lingua and Vexilla regis are sung, and then follows the " See also:Mass of the Presanctified." The name is derived from the fact that it is celebrated with elements consecrated the 'day before, the See also:liturgy being omitted on this day. The See also:priest merely places the See also:Sacrament on the altar, censes it, elevates and breaks the See also:host, and communicates, the prayers and responses interspersed being See also:peculiar to the day. This again is followed by See also:vespers, with a special See also:anthem; after which the altar is stripped in silence. In many Roman Catholic countries—in Spain, for example—it is usual for the faithful to spend much time in the churches in meditation on the " seven last words" of the Saviour; no carriages are driven through the streets; the bells and See also:organs are silent; and in every possible way it is sought to deepen the impression of a profound and universal grief. In the Greek Church also the Good Friday fast is excessively strict; as in the Roman Church, the Passion history is read and the cross adored; towards evening a dramatic See also:representation of the entombment takes See also:place, amid open demonstrations of contempt for Judas and the Jews. In Lutheran churches the See also:organ is silent on this day, and altar, See also:font and See also:pulpit are draped in black, as indeed throughout See also:Holy See also:Week. In the Church of See also:England the history of the Passion from the gospel according to John is also read; the collects for the day are based upon the bidding prayers which are found in the Ordo Romanus. The " three See also:hours " service, borrowed from Roman Catholic usage and consisting of prayers, addresses on the " seven last words from the cross " and intervals for meditation and silent See also:prayer, has become very popular in the See also:Anglican Church, and the observance of the day is more marked than formerly among See also:Nonconformist bodies, even in See also:Scotland.
End of Article: GOOD FRIDAY (probably " God's Friday ")
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