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influence of Donna Olimpia was baneful; and she made herself thoroughly detested for her inordinate ambition and rapacity. Urban VIII. had been See also:

French in his sympathies; but the papacy now shifted to the See also:

side of the Habsburgs, and there remained for nearly fifty years. Evidences of the See also:

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change were numerous: Innocent promoted See also:

pro-See also:

SPANISH

Spanish cardinals; attacked the See also:

BARBERINI

Barberini, proteges of See also:

MAZARIN, JULES (1602-1661)

Mazarin, and sequestered their possessions; aided in quieting an insurrection in Naples, fomented by the See also:

DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

Guise; and refused to recognize the See also:

independence of See also:

PORTUGAL

Portugal, then at See also:

war with Spain. As a See also:

REWARD

reward he obtained from Spain and Naples the recognition of ecclesiastical See also:

IMMUNITY (from Lat. immunis, not subject to a munus or public service)

immunity. In 1649 See also:

Castro, which Urban VIII. had failed to take, was wrested from the See also:

Farnese and annexed to the Papal States. The most worthy efforts of Innocent were directed to the reform of monastic discipline (1652). His condemnation of See also:

JANSENISM

Jansenism (16J3) was met with the denial of papal See also:

INFALLIBILITY (Fr. infaillibilite and infallibilite, the latter now obsolete, Med. Lat. infallibilitas, infallibilis, formed from faller, to make a mistake)

infallibility in matters of fact, and the controversy entered upon a new phase (see JANSENISM). Although the pontificate of Innocent witnessed the See also:

CONVERSION (Lat. conversio, from convertere, to turn or ,change)

conversion of many See also:

PROTESTANT

Protestant princes, the most notable being See also:

Queen See also:

Christina of See also:

Sweden, the papacy had nevertheless suffered a perceptible decline in See also:

PRESTIGE

prestige; it counted for little in the negotiations at See also:

Munster, and its See also:

SOLEMN (Lat. sollemnis, sollemnis, less correctly solennis, yearly, annual; from sollus = totus, whole, entire, Gr. Mos., and annus, year)

solemn protest against the See also:

peace of See also:

Westphalia was entirely ignored.

Innocent died on the 7th of See also:

JANUARY

January 1655, and was succeeded by See also:

Alexander VII. For contemporary lives of Innocent see Oldoin, continuator of Ciaconius, Vitae et res gestae summorum Pontiff. Rom. ; and Palazzi, Gesta Pontiff. Rom. (See also:

Venice, 1687–1688) iv. 57o sqq. ; Ciampi's Innoc. X. Pamfili, et la sua See also:

CORTE

Corte (Rome, 1878), gives a very full See also:

account of the See also:

period. Gualdus' (pseud. of Gregorio Leti; v. See also:

BIBLIOG

bibliog. See also:

note, See also:

art. " See also:

SIXTUS

SIXTUS V.") Vita de Donna Olimpia Maidalchina (1666) is gossipy and untrustworthy; Capranica's Donna See also:

OLYMPIA

Olympia Pamfili (See also:

Milan, 1875, 3rd ed.) is fanciful and historically of no value.

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