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JOHN HYRCANUS II

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Originally appearing in Volume V14, Page 210 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN See also:HYRCANUS II ., high See also:priest from 78 to 40 B.C., was the eldest son of See also:Alexander Jannaeus by his wife Alexandra, and was thus a See also:grandson of the preceding. When his See also:father died in 78, he was by his See also:mother forthwith appointed high priest, and on her See also:death in 69 he claimed the See also:succession to the supreme See also:civil authority also; but, after a brief and troubled reign of three months, he was compelled to abdicate both kingly and priestly dignities in favour of his more energetic and ambitious younger See also:brother See also:Aristobulus II. In 63 it suited the policy of See also:Pompey that he should be restored to the high priesthood, with some semblance of supreme command, but of much of this semblance even he was soon again deprived by the arrangement of the See also:pro-See also:consul See also:Gabinius, according to which See also:Palestine was in 57 B.C. divided into five See also:separate circles (a6vo5ot, auvf5pta). For services rendered to See also:Caesar after the See also:battle of Pharsalia, he was again rewarded with the See also:sovereignty (apouraaia roil gavots, Jos. See also:Ant. xx. to) in 47 B.C., See also:Antipater of See also:Idumaea, however, being at the same See also:time made See also:procurator of See also:Judaea. In 41 B.C. he was practically superseded by Antony's See also:appointment of See also:Herod and Phasael to be tetrarchs of Judaea; and in the following See also:year he was taken prisoner by the Parthians, deprived of his ears that he might be permanently disqualified for priestly See also:office, and carried to See also:Babylon. He was permitted in 33 B.C. to return to See also:Jerusalem, where on a See also:charge of treasonable See also:correspondence with Malchus, See also:king of See also:Arabia, he was put to death in 30 B.C. See See also:Josephus (Ant. xiii. 8-1o; xiv. 5-13; See also:Bell. See also:Jud. i. 2; i.

8-13). Also See also:

MACCABEES, See also:History. (J. H. A.

End of Article: JOHN HYRCANUS II

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