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JOUFFROY, THEODORE SIMON (1796-1842)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 523 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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JOUFFROY, See also:
THEODORE
THEODORE (602-690)
THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)
THEODORE See also:
SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)
SIMON (1796-1842) , See also:

French philosopher, was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Pontets, near Mouthe, See also:

DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

DOUBS

Doubs. In his tenth See also:

YEAR

year, his See also:

FATHER

father, a tax-gatherer, sent him to an See also:

UNCLE

uncle at See also:

PONTARLIER

Pontarlier, under whom he commenced his classical studies. At See also:

DIJON

Dijon his compositions attracted the See also:

ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention of an inspector, who had him placed (1814) in the normal school, See also:

Paris. He there came under the See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of See also:

Victor See also:

Cousin, and in 1817 he was appointed assistant See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy at the normal and See also:

Bourbon See also:

SCHOOLS

schools. Three years later, being thrown upon his own resources, he began a course of lectures in his own See also:

house, and formed See also:

LITERARY

literary connexions with Le Courrier See also:

FRANCAIS, ANTOINE, COUNT (1756-1836)

francais, Le Globe, L'Encyclopedie moderne, and La Revue europeenne. The variety of his pursuits at this See also:

time carried him over the whole See also:

field of See also:

ancient and See also:

MODERN

modern literature. But he was chiefly attracted to the philosophical See also:

SYSTEM

system represented by See also:

Reid and See also:

Stewart. The application of " See also:

COMMON

common sense " to the problem of substance supplied a more satisfactory See also:

ANALYTIC (the adjective of " analysis," q.v.)

analytic for him than the See also:

SCEPTICISM (o-Kesrroµai, I consider, reflect, hesitate, doubt)

scepticism of See also:

Hume which reached him through a study of See also:

KANT, IMMANUEL (1724-1804)

Kant. He thus threw in his See also:

lot with the Scottish philosophy, and his first See also:

DISSERTATIONS

dissertations are, in their leading position, adaptations from Reid's Inquiry. In 1826 he wrote a See also:

PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface to a See also:

TRANSLATION

translation of the Moral Philosophy of Stewart, demonstrating the possibility of a scientific statement of the See also:

LAWS

laws of consciousness; in 1828 he began a translation of the See also:

WORKS

works of Reid, and in his preface estimated the influence of Scottish See also:

criticism upon philosophy, 'giving a See also:

BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical See also:

account of the See also:

MOVEMENT

movement from See also:

HUTCHESON, FRANCIS (1694-1746)

Hutcheson onwards. Next year he was returned to See also:

PARLEMENT (see PARLIAMENT)

parlement by the See also:

ARRONDISSEMENT (from arrondir, to make round)

arrondissement of Pontarlier; but the See also:

WORK

work of legislation was See also:

ill-suited to him. Yet he attended to his duties conscientiously, and ultimately See also:

broke his See also:

HEALTH

health in their See also:

DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge.

In 1833 he was appointed professor of See also:

Greek and See also:

ROMAN

Roman philosophy at the See also:

COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of See also:

France and a member of the See also:

Academy of Sciences; he then published the Melanges philosophiques (4th ed. 1866; Eng. trans. G. See also:

Ripley, See also:

Boston, 1835 and 1838), a collection of fugitive papers in criticism and philosophy and See also:

HISTORY

history. In them is foreshadowed all that he afterwards worked out in See also:

metaphysics, See also:

psychology, See also:

ethics and See also:

AESTHETICS

aesthetics. He had already demonstrated in his prefaces the possibility of a psychology apart from See also:

PHYSIOLOGY (from Gr. 4 i s, nature, and koyos, discourse)

physiology, of the See also:

SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science of the phenomena of consciousness distinct from the perceptions of sense. He now classified the See also:

MENTAL

mental faculties, premising that they must not be confounded with capacities or properties of mind. They were, according to his See also:

ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis, See also:

PERSONAL

personal will, See also:

PRIMITIVE

primitive instincts, voluntary movement, natural and artificial signs, sensibility and the faculties of See also:

INTELLECT (Lat. intellectus, from intelligere, to understand)

intellect ; on this analytic he founded his See also:

SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme of the universe. In 1835 he published a Cours de See also:

DROIT (Fr. for " right," from Lat. directus, straight)

droit naturel (4th ed. 1866), which, for precision of statement and logical coherence, is the most important of his works. From the conception of a universal See also:

order in the universe he reasons to a Supreme Being, who has created it and who has conferred upon every See also:

man in See also:

HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, a concord of musical sounds, dpA'ew to join; &plan midi (sc. TeXvil)

harmony with it the aim of his existence, leading to his highest See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good. Good, he says, is the fulfilment of man's destiny, evil the thwarting of it.

Every man being organized in a particular way has, of See also:

NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity, an aim, the fulfilment of which is good; and he has faculties for accomplishing it, directed by See also:

REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason. The aim is good, however, only when reason guides it for the benefit of the See also:

MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority, but that is not See also:

ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute good. When reason rises to the conception of universal order, when actions are submitted, by the exercise of a sympathy working necessarily and intuitively to the See also:

IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of the universal order, the good has been reached, the true good, good in itself, absolute good. But he does not follow his idea into the details of human See also:

DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty, though he passes in See also:

REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

review See also:

FATALISM (Lat. fatum, that which is spoken, decreed)

fatalism, See also:

MYSTICISM (from Or. µuety, to shut the eyes; µuorrts, one initiated into the mysteries)

mysticism, See also:

PANTHEISM (Gr. 7rav, all, Oeos, god)

pantheism, scepticism, egotism, sentimentalism and See also:

RATIONALISM (from Lat. rationalis, pertaining to reason, ratio)

rationalism. In 1835 Jouffroy's health failed and he went to See also:

Italy, where he continued to translate the Scottish philosophers. On his return he became librarian to the university, and took the See also:

CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of See also:

RECENT

recent philosophy at the See also:

FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty of letters. He died in Paris on the 4th of See also:

FEBRUARY

February 1842. After his See also:

DEATH

death were published Nouveaux melanges philosophiques (3rd ed. 1872) and Cours d'esthetique (3rd ed. 1875). The former contributed nothing new to the system except a more emphatic statement of the distinction between psychology and physiology. The latter formulated his theory of beauty.

Jouffroy's claim to distinction rests upon his ability as an expositor of other men's ideas. He founded no system; he contributed nothing of importance to philosophical science; he initiated nothing which has survived him. But his See also:

ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm for mental science, and his command over the See also:

LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language of popular exposition, made him a See also:

GREAT

great See also:

INTERNATIONAL, THE

international See also:

MEDIUM

medium for the transfusion of ideas. He stood between See also:

Scotland and France and See also:

Germany and France; and, though his expositions are vitiated by loose See also:

READING

reading of the philosophers he interpreted, he did serviceable, even memorable work. See L. See also:

Levy See also:

Bruhl, History of Modern Philos. in France (1899), pp. 349-357; C. J. See also:

Tissot, Th. Jouffroy: sa See also:

vie et ses ecrits (1876) ; J. P. See also:

DAMIRON, JEAN PHILIBERT (1794-1862)

Damiron, Essai sur l'histoire de la philos. en France an xixe siecle (1846).

End of Article: JOUFFROY, THEODORE SIMON (1796-1842)

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