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See also:LADISLAUS IV ., The Kumanian (1262–1290), See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Hungary, was the son of See also:Stephen V., whom he succeeded in 1272. From his tenth See also:year, when he was kidnapped from his See also:father's See also:court by the rebellious vassals, till his assassination eighteen years later, his whole See also:life, with one See also:bright See also:interval of military See also:glory was unrelieved tragedy. His minority, 1272–1277, was an See also:alternation of See also:palace revolutions and See also:civil See also:wars, in the course of which his brave Kumanian See also:mother See also:Elizabeth barely contrived to keep the upper See also:hand. In this terrible school Ladislaus matured precociously. At fifteen he was a See also:man, resolute, spirited, enter-prising, with the germs of many talents and virtues, but rough, reckless and very imperfectly educated. He was married betimes to Elizabeth of See also:Anjou, who had been brought up at the Hungarian court. The See also:marriage was a purely See also:political one, arranged by his father and a See also:section of the Hungarian magnates to counterpoise hostile See also:German and See also:Czech influences. During
the earlier See also:part of his reign, Ladislaus obsequiously followed the for his murderous See also:attempt on Laszl6 See also:Hunyadi at See also:Belgrade, Ladislaus procured the decapitation of See also:young Hunyadi (16th of See also:March 1457), after a See also:mock trial which raised such a See also:storm in Hungary that the king fled to See also:Prague, where he died suddenly (Nov. 23rd, 1457), while making preparations for his marriage with Magdalena, daughter of See also:Charles VII. of See also:France. He is supposed to have been poisoned by his political opponents in Bohemia.
direction of the Neapolitan court in See also:foreign affairs. In Hungary itself a large party was in favour of the Germans, but the civil wars which raged between the two factions from 1276 to 1278 did not prevent Ladislaus, at the See also:head of 20,000 See also:Magyars and Kumanians, from co-operating with See also:Rudolph of See also:Habsburg in the See also:great See also:battle of Durnkrut (See also:August 26th, 1278), which destroyed, once for all, the See also:empire of the Pfemyslidae. A See also:month later a papal See also:legate arrived in Hungary to inquire into the conduct of the king, who was accused by his neighbours, and many of his own subjects, of adopting the ways of his Kumanian kinsfolk and thereby undermining See also:Christianity. Ladislaus was not really a See also:pagan, or he would not have devoted his See also:share of the spoil of Durnkrut to the See also:building of the Franciscan See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church at See also:Pressburg, nor would he have venerated as he did his aunt St See also:Margaret. Political enmity was largely responsible for the See also:movement against him, yet the result of a very careful investigation (1279–1281) by See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip, See also:bishop of See also:Fermo, more than justified many of the accusations brought against Ladislaus. He clearly preferred the society of the semi-See also:heathen Kumanians to that of the Christians; wore, and made his court See also:wear, Kumanian See also:dress; surrounded himself with Kumanian concubines, and neglected and See also:ill-used his ill-favoured Neapolitan See also:consort. He was finally compelled to take up arms against his Kumanian See also:friends, whom he routed at Hodmezo (May 1282) with fearful loss; but, previously to this, he had arrested the legate, whom he subsequently attempted to starve into submission, and his conduct generally was regarded as so unsatisfactory that, after repeated warnings, the See also:Holy See resolved to supersede him by his Angevin kinsfolk, whom he had also alienated, and on the 8th of August 1288 See also:Pope See also:Nicholas IV. proclaimed a crusade against him. For the next two years all Hungary was convulsed by a horrible civil See also:war, during which the unhappy young king, who fought for his heritage to the last with desperate valour, was driven from one end of his See also:kingdom to the other like a hunted beast. On the 25th of See also:December 1289 he issued a manifesto to the lesser gentry, a large portion of whom sided with him, urging them to continue the struggle against the magnates and their foreign supporters; but on the loth of See also:July 1290 he was murdered in his See also:camp at Korosszeg by the Kumanians, who never forgave him for deserting them.
See Karoly Szabo, Ladislaus the Cumanian (Hung.), (See also:Budapest, 1886) ; and Acsady, See also:History of the Hungarian See also:Realm, i. 2 (Budapest, 1903). The latter is, however, too favourable to Ladislaus.
(R. N.
End of Article: LADISLAUS IV
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