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See also: - MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
MARTIN 1 (Fr. See also:Martinet) , the Hirundo urbica of See also:Linnaeus and Chelidon urbica of See also:modern ornithologists, a See also:bird well known throughout See also:Europe, including even See also:Lapland, where it is abundant, retiring in See also:winter to the See also:south of See also:Africa. It also inhabits the western See also:part of See also:Asia, and appears from See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time to time in large flocks in See also:India. The martin (or See also:house-martin, as it is often called, to distinguish it from the See also:sand-martin) commonly reaches its summer quarters a few days later than the See also:SWALLOW (q.v.), with which it is often confused in spite of the See also:differences between them, the martin's See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white rump and See also:lower parts being conspicuous as it flies or clings to its See also:nest attached to houses. This nest, made of the same material as the swallow's, is, how-ever, a more difficult structure to See also:rear, and a See also:week or more is often occupied in laying its See also:foundations—the builders clinging to the See also:wall while depositing the mud of which it is composed. The See also:base once fixed, the superstructure is often quickly added, till the whole takes the shape of the See also:half or See also:quarter of a hemisphere, and is finished with a lining of feathers mixed with a few bents or straws. The martin builds soon after its return, and a nest that has outlasted the winter is almost at once re-occupied. The bird usually in the course of the summer raises a second, or rarely a third, brood of offspring—though the latest broods often See also:die in the nest, apparently through failure of See also:food. What seem to be adults are observed in See also:England every See also:year so. See also:late as See also:November, and sometimes within a few days of the winter See also:solstice, but these late birds are almost certainly strangers.
The sand-martin, Hirundo riparia of Linnaeus and Cotile riparia of modern writers, differs much in See also:appearance and habits from the former. Its smaller See also:size, See also:mouse-coloured upper See also:surface and jerking See also:flight distinguish it from the other See also:British Hirundinidae; but it is seldom discriminated, and, being the first of the See also:family to return to its See also:northern See also:home, the so-called " See also:early swallow " is nearly always of this See also:species. Instead of the See also:clay-built nest of the house-martin, this bird bores See also:horizontal galleries in an escarpment. When beginning its excavation, it clings to the See also: face of the See also:bank, and with its See also:bill loosens the See also:earth, working from the centre outwards, and often See also:hanging See also:head downwards. The See also:tunnel may extend to 4, 6, or even 9 ft. The See also:gallery seems intended to be straight, but inequalities of the ground, and especially the See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting with stones, often causes it to take a sinuous course. At the end is formed a nest lined with a few grass-stalks and feathers. The sand-martin has several broods in the year, and is more See also:regular than other Hirundinidae in its departure for the south. The See also:kind of See also:soil needed for its nesting habits makes it somewhat See also:local, but no species of the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order Passeres has a See also:geographical range that can compare with this. In Europe it is found nearly to the See also:North Cape, and thence to the See also:Sea of See also:Okhotsk. In winter it visits many parts of India and South Africa to the See also:Transvaal. In See also:America its range extends (having due regard to the See also:season) from See also:Melville See also:Island to Caicara in See also:Brazil, and from See also:Newfoundland to See also:Alaska.
The See also:purple martin of America, Progne purpurea, is a favourite in See also:Canada and the See also:United States. Naturally breeding in hollow trees, it readily adapts itself to the nest-boxes which are commonly set up for it; but its See also:numbers are in some years and places diminished in a manner unexplained. The limits of its range in winter are not determined, chiefly owing to the differences of See also:opinion as to the validity of certain supposed kindred species found in South America; but according to some authorities it reaches the border of See also:Patagonia, while in summer it is known to inhabit lands within the See also:Arctic Circle. The male is almost
1 The older See also: English See also:form, martlet (See also:French, Martelet), is, except in heralds' See also:language, almost obsolete, and when used is now applied in some places to the See also:SwIFT (q.v.). The bird called martin by French colonists in the Old See also:World is a mynah (Acridotheres). (See See also:GRACKLE.)wholly of a glossy See also:steel-See also:blue, while the See also:female is duller in See also:colour above, and beneath of a brownish-See also:grey.
Birds that may be called martins occur almost all over the world except in New See also:Zealand, which is not regularly inhabited by any member of the family. The See also:ordinary martin of See also:Australia is the Petrochelidon nigricans of most ornithologists, and another and more beautiful form is the ariel or See also:fairy-martin of the same See also:country, Petrochelidon ariel. This last builds a See also:bottle-shaped nest of mud, as does also the See also:rock-martin of Europe, Cotile rupestris. The eggs of martins are from four to seven in number, and generally white, while those of swallows usually have See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown, grey or See also:lilac markings. (A.
End of Article: MARTIN 1 (Fr. Martinet)
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