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OLONETS , a See also:government of See also:north-western See also:Russia, extending from See also:Lake See also:Ladoga almost to the See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
White See also:Sea, bounded W. by See also:Finland, N. and E. by See also:Archangel and See also:Vologda, and S. by See also:Novgorod and St See also:Petersburg. The See also:area is 57,422 sq. m., of which 6794 sq. m. are lakes. Its north-western portion belongs orographically and geologically to the Finland region; it is thickly dotted with hills reaching loon ft. in See also:altitude, and diversified by numberless smaller ridges and hollows See also:running from north-See also:west to See also:south-See also:east. The See also:rest of the government is a See also:flat See also:plateau sloping towards the marshy lowlands of the south. The See also:geological structure is very varied. Granites, syenites and diorites, covered with Laurentian metamorphic slates, occur extensively in the north-west. Near Lake See also:Onega they are overlain with Devonian sandstones and limestones, yielding See also:marble and See also:sandstone for See also:building; to the south of that lake Carboniferous limestones and See also:clays make their See also:appearance. The whole is sheeted with See also:boulder-See also:clay, the bottom See also:moraine of the See also:great See also:ice-See also:sheet of the Glacial See also:period. The entire region bears traces of glaciation, either in the shape of scratchings and elongated grooves on the rocks, or of eskers (dsar, selgas) running parallel to the glacial striations. Numberless lakes occupy the depressions, while a great many more have See also:left evidences of their existence in the extensive marshes. Lake Onega covers 3764 sq. m., and reaches a See also:depth of 400 ft. Lakes Zeg, Vyg, Lacha, Loksha, Tulos and Vodl See also:cover from 140 to 480 sq. m. each, and their crustacean See also:fauna indicates a former connexion with the See also:Arctic Ocean. The south-eastern See also:part of Lake Ladoga falls also within the government of Olonets. The See also:rivers drain to the Baltic and White Sea basins. To the former See also:system belong Lakes Ladoga and Onega, which are connected by the Svir and receive numerous streams; of these the Vytegra, which communicates with the See also:Mariinsk See also:canal-system, and the Oyat, an affluent of Lake Ladoga, are important for See also:navigation. Large quantities of See also:timber, See also:fire-See also:wood, See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone, See also:- METAL
- METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)
metal and See also:flour are annually shipped on See also:waters belonging to this government. The Onega See also:river, which has its source in the south-east of the government and flows into the White Sea, is of See also:minor importance. Sixty-three per cent of the area of Olonets is occupied by forests; those of the See also:crown, maintained for See also:shipbuilding purposes, extend to more than 800,000 acres. The See also:climate is harsh and moist, the See also:average yearly temperature at See also:Petrozavodsk (61° 8' N.) being 33.6° F. (12.0° in See also:January, 57.40 in See also:July); but the thermometer rarely falls below—3o° F.
The See also:population, which numbered 321,250 in 1881, reached 367,902 in 1897, and 401,100 (estimate) in 1906. They are principally Great Russians and Finns. The See also:people belong mostly to the Orthodox See also:Greek See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, or are Nonconformists. See also:Rye and oats are the See also:principal crops, and some See also:flax, See also:barley and turnips are grown, but the See also:total cultivated area does not exceed 21% of the whole government. The See also:chief source of See also:wealth is timber, next to which come fishing and See also:hunting. Mushrooms and berries are exported to St Petersburg. There are quarries and See also:iron-mines, saw-See also:mills, tanneries, iron-See also:works, distilleries and flour-mills. More than one-fifth of the entire male population leave their homes every See also:year in See also:search of temporary employment. Olonets is divided into seven districts, of which the chief towns are Petrozavodsk, Kargopol, Lodeinoye See also:Pole, Olonets, Povyenets, Pudozh and Vytegra. It includes the Olonets See also:mining See also:district, a territory belonging to the crown, which covers 432 sq. m. and extends into the SerdobOl district of Finland; the ironworks were begun by See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter the Great in 1701-1714. Olonets was colonized by Novgorod in the 11th See also:century, and though it suffered much from See also:Swedish invasion its towns soon became wealthy trading centres. See also:Ivan III. annexed it to the principality of See also:Moscow in the second See also:half of the 16th century.
End of Article: OLONETS
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