Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

RETRENCHMENT (Fr. retrenchemen.t, an ...

Online Encyclopedia

Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 203 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

» Make a correction to this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.

Encyclopedia Home :: RAY-RHU

Spread the word:

del.icio.us it!

See also:

RETRENCHMENT (Fr. retrenchemen.t, an old form of retranchement, from retrancher, to cut down, cut short)

RETRENCHMENT (Fr. retrenchemen.t, an old See also:
FORM (Lat. forma)
form of retranchement, from retrancher, to cut down, cut See also:
SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )
short) , an See also:

ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of cutting down or reduction, particularly of See also:

EXPENDITURE

expenditure; the word is See also:

FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar in this, its most See also:

general sense, from the See also:

MOTTO (an Italian word, from Late Lat. muttum, a low sound, a mutter or murmur, cf. mutere, to mutter; the Latin word also gives Fr. mot, word)

motto of the Gladstonian Liberal party in See also:

BRITISH

British politics, " See also:

Peace, Retrenchment and Reform." A See also:

SPECIAL

special technical use of the See also:

TERM

term is in fortification, where it is applied to a See also:

WORK

work or See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of See also:

WORKS

works constructed in See also:

REAR

rear of existing defences in See also:

order to See also:

bar the further progress of the enemy should he succeed in breaching or storming these. A See also:

MODERN

modern example may be found in the See also:

SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

PORT

Port See also:

Arthur in 1904. When See also:

early in the siege Fort Panlung See also:

fell into the hands of the See also:

JAPANESE

Japanese, the Russians connected up the two adjacent first-See also:

LINE

line forts to a fort in the rear by means of new works, the whole forming a rough semicircle facing the lost fort. This retrenchment prevented the Japanese from advancing, and remained in the hands of the defenders up to the fall of the whole line of forts. RETRO-See also:

COGNITION (Latin cognitio, from cognoscere, to become acquainted with)

COGNITION (from See also:

Lat. retro, back, cognitio, the acquiring of knowledge), a word invented by F. W. H. See also:

MYERS, FREDERIC WILLIAM HENRY (1843-1901)

Myers to denote a supposed See also:

FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty of acquiring See also:

DIRECT

direct knowledge of the past beyond the reach of the subject's See also:

ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary memory. The alleged manifestations of the faculty are of several kinds, of which the most important are as follows: (I) There are many recorded cases in which an impression has been received in See also:

DREAM (from a root dreug, connected with Germ. trugen, to deceive)

dream or See also:

VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

vision representing some See also:

RECENT

recent event—shipwreck, See also:

DEATH

death-See also:

bed See also:

SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene, railway See also:

accident—outside the knowledge of the percipient. (2) Analogous to the transmission of habitsand See also:

PHYSICAL

physical peculiarities in particular families, it is alleged that there are also cases of the transmission of definite memories of scenes and events in the See also:

LIFE

life of some ancestor. (3) It is asserted that pictures of past scenes may be called up in certain cases by the presence of a material See also:

OBJECT

object associated with those scenes—e.g. a vision of the destruction of See also:

POMPEII

Pompeii by a piece of cinder from the buried See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, or the scene of a martyrdom by a charred fragment of See also:

bone—the percipient being unaware at the See also:

time of the nature of the object. For this supposed faculty the See also:

AMERICAN

American geologist, See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor See also:

DENTON

Denton, has suggested the name " psychometry." There are also cases recorded in which pictures of See also:

HISTORICAL

historical scenes unknown to the seer have been described in the crystal.

(4) Some spirit mediums profess to realise incidents belonging to their previous incarnation. Thus Flournoy's See also:

MEDIUM

medium, Helene See also:

Smith, represented herself as having been successively incarnated as a Hindoo Princess, Simandini, and as See also:

MARIE

Marie Antoinette, and gave vivid descriptions of scenes in which she had figured in these capacities. It will be gathered that the facts afford little See also:

WARRANT (Med. Lat. warantum; O. Fr. garant, warant, derived from O.H.G. root represented in modern German bygewdhren)

warrant for the See also:

ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption of a faculty of retro-cognition. The cases described in the first class, though apparently exhibiting knowledge not within the range of the percipient's ordinary faculties, hardly See also:

CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call for such an extreme See also:

HYPOTHESIS (from Gr. inrorcOivat, to put under; cf. Lat. suppositio, from sub-ponere)

hypothesis. In the other cases the result recorded may plausibly be attributed to the See also:

IMAGINATION

imagination of the percipient, working upon hints given by bystanders, or aided by the emergence of forgotten knowledge. (F.

End of Article: RETRENCHMENT (Fr. retrenchemen.t, an old form of retranchement, from retrancher, to cut down, cut short)

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.

» Add information or comments to this article.

Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.

Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. r...

[next]
RETROGRADE (from the Lat. retro, backwards, gradiri...