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pensions, bathing establishments, villas and places of entertainment, is largely determined by the requirements of visitors, who in 1907 numbered 180,000. The See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal buildings are the royal See also:

PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace, built in 1837—1840 as a See also:

RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence for the See also:

dukes of Nassau, and now a residence of the See also:

king of See also:

Prussia; the See also:

Court See also:

THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

Theatre (erected 1892—1894); the new Kurhaus, a large and handsome See also:

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment, with colonnades, adjoining a beautiful and shady See also:

park; the town-See also:

hall, in the See also:

German See also:

RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance See also:

style (1884—1888); the See also:

government offices and the museum, with a picture See also:

GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery, a collection of antiquities, and a library of 150,000 vols. Among the churches, which are all See also:

MODERN

modern, are the See also:

PROTESTANT

Protestant Marktkirche, in the See also:

GOTHIC

Gothic style with five towers, built 1853—1862; the Bergkirche; the See also:

ROMAN

Roman See also:

CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

church of St See also:

Boniface; the See also:

ANGLICAN

Anglican church and the See also:

RUSSIAN

Russian church on the Neroberg.

There are two synagogues. Wiesbaden contains numerous scientific and educational institutions, including a chemical laboratory, an agricultural See also:

COLLEGE (Collegium)

college and two musical conservatoria. The alkaline thermal springs contains % of See also:

COMMON

common See also:

salt, and smaller quantities of other chlorides; and a See also:

GREAT

great See also:

DEAL

deal of their efficacy is due to their high temperature, which varies from 156° to 104° Fahr. The See also:

WATER

water is generally cooled to 93° F. for bathing. The principal See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring is the Kochbrunnen (156° F.), the water of which is drunk by sufferers from chronic See also:

DYSPEPSIA (from the Gr. prefix Sur-, hard, ill, and 'irirreiv, to digest)

dyspepsia and obesity. There are twenty-eight other springs of nearly identical See also:

composition, many of which are used for bathing, and are efficacious in cases of See also:

RHEUMATISM (from Gr. /56µa, flux)

rheumatism, See also:

GOUT

gout, See also:

NERVOUS

nervous and See also:

FEMALE

female disorders and skin diseases. The See also:

SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season lasts from See also:

APRIL

April to See also:

OCTOBER

October, but the springs are open the whole See also:

YEAR

year through and are also largely attended in winter. Two See also:

MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles north-See also:

west of the town lies the Neroberg (boo ft.), whence a See also:

FINE

fine view of the surrounding See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country is obtained, and which is reached by a funicular railway from Beausite, and 6 m. to the west lies the Hohe Wurzel (2025 ft.) with an outlook See also:

TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower. Wiesbaden is one of the See also:

OLDEST

oldest watering-places in Germany, and may be regarded as the See also:

capital of the Taunus spas. The springs mentioned by See also:

Pliny (Hist. nat. xxi. 2) as Fonles Matthiaci were known to the See also:

Romans, who fortified the place c. 11 B.C.

The massive See also:

wall in the centre of the town known as the Heidenmauer was probably See also:

PART

part of the fortifications built under. See also:

Diocletian. The name Wisibada (" meadow See also:

bath ") appears in 830. Under the Carolingian monarchs it was the site of a palace, and See also:

OTTO

Otto I. gave it civic rights. In the rrth See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the town and See also:

DISTRICT

district passed to the See also:

COUNTS

counts of Nassau, See also:

fell to the Walram See also:

LINE

line in 1255, and in 1355 Wiesbaden became with Idstein capital of the See also:

COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county Nassau-Idstein. It suffered much from the ravages of the See also:

THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

War and was destroyed in 1644. In 1744 it became the seat of government of the principality Nassau-Usingen, and was from 1815 to 1866 the capital of the duchy of Nassau, when it passed with that duchy to Prussia. Though the springs were never quite forgotten, they did not attain their greatest repute until the See also:

close of the 18th century. From 1771 to 1873 Wiesbaden was a notorious gambling resort; but in the latter year public gambling was suppressed by the Prussian government. See See also:

ROTH, JUSTUS LUDWIG ADOLF (1818-1892)

Roth, Geschichte and historische Topographie der Stadt Wiesbaden (Wiesbaden, 1883) ; Pagenstecher, Wiesbaden in medizinischtopographischer Beziehung (Wiesbaden, 1870) ; Kranz, Wiesbaden and See also:

seine Thermen (See also:

LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1884); See also:

Pfeiffer, Wiesbaden als Kurort (5th ed., Wiesbaden, 1899) ; and Heyl, Wiesbaden and seine Umgebungen (27th ed., Wiesbaden, 1908).

End of Article: WIESBADEN

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